Chapter 16: The Civil War Begins Section 1: War Erupts

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Chapter 16 The Civil War BeginsSection 1 War
Erupts
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Even though both sides wanted to avoid a fight
they couldnt

• One of the things the Confederacy did was to take
  over government places like post offices,
  banks, forts, newspapers, etc

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One of the forts the South hadnt taken over was
Fort Sumter an island fort off South Carolina

• Fort Sumter was still held by the Union, but they
  were running low on supplies.
• Abraham Lincoln decided to send them the supplies
  they needed.
• On the way, the supply ships were attacked.
• The South then began to attack the fort and the
  Civil War had begun

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The 2 sides
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sign up for

• The North
• Lincoln tried to get 75,000 men to enlist in the
  militia (to put down the uprising).

• The South
• More and more states decided to break away.
• Getting Virginia was big for the South (a wealthy
  state with a lot of people).
• Convinced Robert E. Lee to resign from the Union
  army and he became the commanding general of the
  South.

The Civil War is the reason we have a Virginia
and a West Virginia. People west of the
mountains didnt have slaves. People east of the
Appalachians did.
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Northern Advantages
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• Had a lot more people 22 million to 9 million
  (3.5 million slaves).
• Had a lot more railroads.
• Had most of the ships and the naval power.
• Had most of the nations factories.
• Fighting to uphold the constitution.
• Had a strong political leader (Lincoln).
• Had a stronger government.
• Fighting to preserve the Union.
• The Norths Plan The Anaconda Plan to slowly
  squeeze the south (militarily and economically).
• Sometimes the Civil War is also called a war of
  attrition

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Southern Advantages

• Fighting for a cause.
• Didnt need as many soldiers
• to defend as they would have
• needed to attack fighting a
• defensive war.
• Knew their own land better.
• Had better military leaders who knew more about
  war strategy.
• Could ride and shoot better (more northerners
  lived in cities).
• Used the American Revolution as an example that
  the stronger side doesnt always win (and as an
  example that it was OK to go to war to break away
  from a country).

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The South thought that could maybe get some help
from

• France and/or Britain who they thought depended
  on Southern cotton for their textile mills.
• But they decided to stay out of it.
• At first the South was going to fight a defensive
  war, but soon decided to take the offensive
• (go after the other side /attack)

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One of the first battles The Battle of Bull
Run (or Manassas)

• Close to Washington D.C.
• Some people even came to watch (sat up on a hill)
• Some of the men not fighting came by and did
  play by play for the people.
• This battle made people in Washington realize the
  war was going to take a long time

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• Manassas was so close to Washington D.C. that
  many people came out from the city to watch the
  battle. They came on horseback or in carriages,
  to watch the battle as if it were a play. The
  onlookers included several senators and
  congressmen. When Union troops began to retreat
  and Confederate artillery shells came closer, the
  spectators suddenly realized that war was
  dangerous. They joined the withdrawing soldiers,
  adding greatly to the general confusion as the
  retreat became a rout.

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8-10 on your own