Embedded Systems Microcontrollers

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Embedded SystemsMicrocontrollers Embedded
ProcessorsAn Overview
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Embedded Systems

• What is an Embedded System?
• Where are Embedded Systems used?
• Typical Embedded Systems Hardware
• Embedded OS and Software
• References

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What is and Embedded System?

• A specialized computer system that is part of
  a larger system or machine. Typically, an
  embedded system is housed on a single
  microprocessor board with the programs stored in
  ROM. Virtually all appliances that have a digital
  interface -- watches, microwaves, VCRs, cars --
  utilize embedded systems. Some embedded systems
  include an operating system, but many are so
  specialized that the entire logic can be
  implemented as a single program. (Definition from
  wikipedia.com)

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What is and Embedded System?
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ES, Other definitions

• A special purpose computer built into a larger
  device.
• Special purpose
• - Embedded systems have a (more or less)
  well-defined purpose
• - Contrast with general purpose computers (PCs
  etc)
• - Both hardware and software is tailored to
  application(s), which are well defined
• - However, re-programmability is a requirement
• Built into a larger device
• ESs are (usually) part of a larger device,
  augmenting its capabilities

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ES, Other definitions

• Any device that includes a programmable computer
  but is not itself a general-purpose computer.
• Anything that uses a computer but does not look
  like one.
• The microprocessor in an embedded system is like
  an electric motor in a washing machine.

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ES Types Characteristics

• ES Characteristics
• Efficiently
• Cost effective
• Power efficiently
• Real-time
• Predictability

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Where are Embedded Systems used?

• Signal processing systems
• Real-time video, DVD players, Medical equipment.
• Distributed control
• Network routers, switches, firewalls, mass
  transit systems, Elevators
• Small systems
• Mobile phones, pagers, home appliances, toys,
  smartcards, MP3 players, PDAs, digital cameras,
  sensors, pc keyboard mouse
• Modern cars Up to 100 or more processors
• Engine control unit
• ABS systems (Anti Lock Brake systems)
• Emissions control
• Diagnostics and Security systems
• Accessories (doors, windows etc)

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CELL PHONE Block Diagram
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Typical Embedded Systems Hardware

• Commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS)
• e.g. wireless radios, sensors, I/O devices
• Cheap
• Application-Specific ICs (ASICs)
• ICs tailored to meet application needs
• Good performance for their intended task(s)
• Original ESs were ASICs only
• Domain-specific processors
• DSPs
• Microcontrollers
• Microprocessors
• General Purpose Processors

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ES Solutions

• Embedded Systems Solutions
• Microcontrollers
• Embedded Processors
• Digital Signal processors

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New trends in ES HW

• Systems-on-chip
• Usual (or desired) specs
• 32-bit RISC CPU
• Built-in interfaces to RAM and ROM
• Built-in DMA, interrupt and timing controllers
• Built-in interfaces to disk or flash memory
• Built-in Ethernet/802.11 interfaces
• Built-in LCD/CRT interfaces
• New SOCs appearing almost every week!
• Examples
• Intel StrongARM SA-1110
• Motorola PowerPC MPC823e
• NEC VR4181
• Many, many more

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Embedded OS and Software

• Principal role Not transformation of data but
  interaction with physical world
• Acquires properties of physical world
• Takes time
• Consumes power
• Does not terminate (unless it fails)

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Embedded Operating Systems

• Office-style OSes
• PalmOS
• WindowsCE
• RTOSes
• VxWorks
• QNX
• Linux
• Linux is already ubiquitous
• Hundreds of different devices are using it
• http//www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT4936596231.
  html
• Numerous commercial open source products
• Mobile OS
• Symbian
• Others
• TinyOS

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References

• Web References
• www.google.com
• http//www.embedded.com
• http//www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
• http//www.linuxdevices.com
• Mani Srivastavas EE202A class
• http//nesl.ee.ucla.edu/courses/ee202a/2002f
• Edward Lee, Embedded Software
• http//citeseer.nj.nec.com/497408.html
• Microprocessors Uffenbeck, john
• Books
• The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems
  Mazidi, M.A.
• 201 ???? ???? ?? ???????????? 8051? ?. ???????
  ???????? ????