IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

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IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY OF MAJOR IRRIGATION SYSTEM
IN INDIA

• BY
• PANDISELVAM.R

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IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

• The most common definitions are the ratio of
  yield (Y) to applied water (AW) or the ratio of
  evapotranspiration (ET) to AW.

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Factors influencing irrigation efficiency

• Design of irrigation system
• The degree of land preparation
• Skill and care of irrigator

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Distribution Uniformity (Ud)

• The percentage of average application amount
  received in the least-watered quarter of the
  field.
• Ud 100 ( Lq / Xm)
• Lq Average low-quarter depth of water
  infiltrated (or caught)
• Xm Average depth of water infiltrated

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IRRIGATION SYSTEM VS IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY

• Uniformity of drip irrigation systems is usually
  a combination of measuring the variability of
  emissions from individual emitters and pressure
  variations within the entire system.
• As with the sprinkler systems this method of
  measuring non-uniformity captures the entire
  degree of variability.

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CONT.

• The greatest utility of measuring uniformity of
  furrow systems is to guide the management on that
  particular field.
• Irrigation uniformity can be altered by length
  of furrow, rate of water application, and
  duration of irrigation.

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Irrigation Water Losses
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Drawback in conventional irrigation system
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Water Conveyance Efficiency (Ec)

• The percentage of source water that reaches the
  field. 
• Ec 100 (Wf / Ws)
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• Wf Water delivered to field
• Ws Water diverted from source

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Water Storage Efficiency (Es)

• The percentage of water delivered to the field is
  used by the crop.
• Es 100 (Ws / Wf)
• Ws Water stored in the root zone of the
  plants
• Wf Water delivered to field

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Range of Application Efficiencies for Various
Irrigation Systems
System Type Application Efficiency Range ()
Surface Irrigation Basin Border Furrow Surge 60 95 60 90 50 90 60 90
Sprinkler Irrigation Hand move Traveling Gun Center Pivot Linear Solid Set 65 80 60 70 70 95 70 85
Micro irrigation Point source emitters Line source emitter 75 95 70 95










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Water Distribution Efficiency (Ed)

• The percentage of the average application depth
  delivered to the least-watered part of the field.
• Ed 100 1- (y/d)
• y Average absolute numerical deviation
  in depth of water stored from average depth
  stored during the irrigation
• d Average depth of water stored during
  irrigation

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