G-protein-coupled receptors

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G-protein-coupled receptors
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Two benefits of a signal-transduction pathway

• 1. Signal amplification
• 2. Signal specificity
• A. Signal amplification
• Proteins persist in active form long enough to
  process numerous molecules of substrate
• Each catalytic step activates more products then
  in the proceeding steps

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When ion channels are open, ions can
passthrough them, entering or leaving the cell
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Ionotropic receptors
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Desensitisation of beta-adrenergic receptor