Broadband Over Power Line

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Broadband Over Power Line

• Submitted By
• Veena Radhakrishnan
• S7 CSE

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Outline Of The Presentation.

• What is Broad Band Access?
• Introduction to BPL.
• History of BPL
• How Does it Works?
• BPL Modems.
• Method Of Transmission- OFDM
• Types of BPL
• Comparison with other technologies.
• Limitation
• Current Status
• Future Scope.

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What is BroadBand Access?

• ?

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What is BroadBand Access?

• High Speed Access to Internet.
• Greater than 128Kbps.
• Always ON!
• Simultaneous up-link and down-link communication.
• Made possible by digital modems.
• Leading BroadBand Technologies
• xDSL, cable, satellite, ISDN digital modem,

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INTRODUCTION TO BROADBAND OVER POWERLINES

• Broadband alternative for homes business.
• Also known as power line carrier, mains
  communication, power line telecom (PLT), or power
  line networking (PLN).
• Requires no cabling or infrastructure.
• Cost and speed.
• Only equipment required Special modem plugged
  into electrical receptacle.

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BRIEF HISTORY OF BPL.

• PLC has been around for quite sometime.
• BPL began at the end of 1990.
• The first technique to make use of the power line
  for control messages was the method - Ripple
  Control (100-900Hz,10KW)
• 1950 at a frequency of 10Hz, 10kW of power,
  one-way town lighting, relay remote control.
• Mid 1980s beginning of research into the use of
  the electrical grid to support data transmission,
  on bands between 5 - 500Khz, always in a one-way
  direction .
• 1997 first tests for bidirectional data signal
  transmission over the electrical supply network
  and the beginning of research by Ascom
  (Switzerland) and Norweb (U.K.)
• 2000 first tests carried out in France by EDF
  RD and Ascom

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ENABLING TECHNOLOGY

• Advanced methods for modulating data signals.
• Faster Chip set.
• Digital equipments to amplify signals.
• Equipments to send or bypass signal through
  transformers.

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HOW STUFF WORKS ??
Delta
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• CT BRIDGE
• routes and controls data traffic between the low
  and medium-voltage lines.
• CT COUPLER
• Couples BPL signal to medium voltage primary
  lines.
• BACKHAUL POINT
• CT VIEW MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Network management system that monitors and
  controls the BPL system.

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BPL MODEM

• Use specially designed Silicon Chips.
• Capable of handling PowerLine Noise- through use
  of specially developed modulation technique
  adaptive algorithm.
• roughly the size of a common
• power adapter.
• It plugs into a common wall socket.
• Ethernet cable running to computer finishes the
  connection. Wireless versions are also available.
  

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METHOD OF TRANSMISSION-OFDM(ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY
DIVISION MULTIPLEXING)

• Most commonly used Modulation Technique.
• Another technology used is CDMA.
• Also called Discrete Multitone Modulation (DMT),
  is a transmission technique based upon the idea
  of frequency division multiplexing (FDM) (used in
  IEEE 802.11a).
• Comparison to FDM
• Coupling with "Channel Coding
• almost always used in conjunction with channel
  coding- an error correction technique, to create
  coded orthogonal FDM or COFDM .

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OFDM Contd..

• Benefits Usage
• high spectrum efficiency, resistance against
  multipath interference (particularly in wireless
  communications), and ease of filtering out noise
  .
• has high performance.
• By combining the OFDM technique with
  error-correcting codes, adaptive equalization and
  reconfigurable modulation,
• Disadvantages of OFDM
• suffers from time-variations in the channel, or
  presence of a carrier frequency offset.
• tends to have a high peak-to-average power ratio
  (PAPR)
• it is necessary to minimize intermodulation
  between the sub carriers, which would effectively
  raise the noise floor both in-channel and out of
  channel. For this reason circuitry must be very
  linear

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TYPES OF BPL

• Access BPL.
• Utilize the power distribution network, owned,
  operated and controlled by an electricity service
  provider.
• Use injectors, repeaters and extractors to
  deliver high-speed broadband services to the
  end-user.

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Types Contd..

• 2. In-House BPL
• Network machines within the building.
• Utilize electric power lines not owned, operated
  or controlled by an electricity service provider,
  such as the electric wiring in a privately owned
  building.
• Devices are connected to the in-building wiring
  and use electrical sockets as access points.
• designed to provide short-distance communication
  solutions
• Product applications include networking and
  sharing common resources such as printers.

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• ACCESS BPL

IN HOUSE BPL
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COMPARISON OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATIONS AND
OTHER RELEVANT TECHNOLOGIES
ISDN Cable Modem DSL BPL
Transmission media Twisted pair Co axial Cable Twisted pair Electric lines
Connection Dedicated Shared Dedicated Shared
Availability On demand If cable present Users close to end office Also available to rural customers
Capacity 128Kbps 100 times greater than twisted pair 1MbpsDownstream19 256KbpsUp stream 45Mbps

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TECHNICAL CHALLENGES

• Unpredictable Noise Levels on Power Line.
• Attenuation Problem.
• Attenuation Problem at Distribution Transformer.
• Potentially harmful Radio Frequency interference
  (RFI).
• High Voltage and Fluctuation corrupt Data.
• Distribution System.

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LIMITATIONS

• Distances distance between the customers home
  supplying sub-station is a factor in the bit rate
  available to the user.
• Equipment avg transformer willt allow the radio
  frequencies to pass through.
• Cost high capacity back bones.
• Competition Competition from providers such as
  DSL and Cable ISPs
• Security power lines produce a fair amount of
  EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference).
• Government Regulation regulations for the use of
  certain technologies that produce EMI

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Where Are We Today?

• 12 15 Field tests across the U.S. (At least).
• No common standard (Yet!).
• City of Manassas first commercial deployment
  followed by Cinergy.
• FCC working on revised rules.
• But industry can deploy under existing rules.
• Huge potential for last mile broadband service.
• Need for more investment dollars and partners.

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CURRENT STATUS CONTD..

• BPL in IRELAND
• Govt supporting a trail of BPL.
• The trials are set to take place in Tuam, Co.
  Galway with the help from the ESB.
• The trials are set to commence in the next few
  months with homes, schools and businesses
  connected to the Internet by way of ESB power
  lines (PLC).

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CONTD

• BPL in US.
• FCC to measure interference.
• FEMA ARRl expressed concern over unlicensed BPL
  equipment interfacing with their licensed radio
  signals.
• FCC sees BPL as a potential competitor to DSL.
• Current technologies provide BPL to Cincinnati
  Rockville, MaryLand
• CURRENT Technology- Home Plug -no interference
  with radio signals
• Other ISPs- Earth Link -to test BPL leased from
  Progress Energy

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What Needs to Happen Next??

• Need for franchise financial partnerships
• Electric Utility Executives must commit to
  enterprise models actively support projects
• Current roll-outs needs to better publicized
• Need for business certainty environment

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FUTURE OF BPL

• Following factors determine whether BPL will
  succeed in broadband market
• Standardisation of BPL technology.
• Cost of BPL.
• Interference issues needs.
• The marketing of BPL needs to be performed to a
  high standard.

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REFERENCE

• www.nwc.com
• www.currenttechnologie.com
• www.powerlinecommunication.com

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• THANK YOU