DRUG USE A HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR

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DRUG USE A HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR!!

• Substance abuse is a high risk behavior that
  includes misusing legal drugs or using illegal
  drugs or other chemicals
• People abuse drugs for a number of reasons, none
  of them healthful!
• 1. Teenagers
• the highest percentage of use is with
• people between the ages of 18-25

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• Why do teenagers abuse drugs???
• A way to be accepted with peers
• Influenced by the media
• Curious
• A way of rebelling
• Escape pressures
• 2. Adults -
• 3. Elderly -
• 4. Athletes -

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Drug Use A High Risk Behavior!!

• Substance abuse can harm a persons physical,
  mental, emotional and social health and even lead
  to death
• Substance abuse has far-reaching consequences for
  the abuser, for others in the abusers life, and
  for society at large.

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What is the difference between drug use and abuse?

• Misuse
• Using the drug incorrectly due to ignorance
• Taking the drug with the wrong food
• Stopping the drug too soon

• Abuse
• 1. intentionally misusing the drug

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Dangers of substance abuse

• Some drugs have side effects
• can range from minor to deadly.
• Illegal drugs can be especially dangerous
  because there are no controls or means of
  monitoring these substances for quality, purity,
  or strength.

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Dangers of drug abuse

• Overdose
• is a strong or fatal reaction to taking a
  large amount of drug. Often, overdoses occur
  when alcohol and other drugs are combined.
• When drug abuse involves injecting substances
  through a needle, hepatitis B or HIV can occur
• People who experiment with drugs tend to lose
  controlcan lead to STDs or pregnancies

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Dangers of Substance Abuse

• Tolerance the body needs more and more of the
  drug to get the same effect
• Physiological dependence the body develops a
  chemical need for a drug. The body will
  experience severe effects when the drug is taken
  away
• Withdrawal - occurs when a person stops using
  the drug on which he can become dependent on.

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Dangers of Substance abuse

• Psychological Dependence a person believes a
  drug is needed in order to feel good or to
  function normally
• Addiction - physiological and psychological
  dependence to the drug
• Antagonistic interaction happens when two drugs
  taken together cancel each other out. Exa. Blood
  pressure medicine and nicotine

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Dangers of substance abuse

• Risk to unborn and newborns
• 1. breast milk can pass from mother to
  infant.
• 2. Can cause miscarriage or premature birth
• 3. Can cause birth defect, mental retardation

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ADDICTION

• Addiction is a process - a series of gradual
  changes that happen over time
• This process happens more quickly to some than
  others. The younger you are, the quicker the
  addiction.
• Some people can be hooked on a drug the very
  first time they take it.
• Once an addiction occurs, the person will need
  help if he/she is to have any hope of returning
  to normal.

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Addiction Signs

• Cont. concern about where the next fix will
  come from
• Choosing friends that can supply the addictive
  substance
• Changes in appearance or personal health
• Irritability, nervousness, personality changes,
  mood swings
• Violent behavior
• Black-outs
• Needing larger amounts of a substance to feel
  normal

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Types of Psychoactive drugs

• There are four main groups -
• Stimulants
• Depressants
• Narcotics
• Hallucinogens
• The first three groups, when used properly, have
  medicinal value. Hallucinogens have no
  medicinal value.

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1. STIMULANTS

• Drugs which cause the body systems to speed up
• Effects increased heart rate and breathing,
  increased blood pressure, dilated pupils,
  decreased appetite, dry mouth, dizziness,
  sweating, headache, blurred vision,
  sleeplessness, anxiety, moodiness
• Very high doses irregular heartbeat, tremors,
  high fever, heart failure
• How it enters the body swallowed, snorted,
  injected

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STIMULANTS

• Amphetamines - people use them illegally to
  stay awake and alert, to improve athletic
  performance, to lose weight, etc.
• Methamphetamine fumes alone can be deadly
• Cocaine powerful stimulant regular use can
  lead to depression, edginess, weight loss, and
  physiological dependence
• Cont. use can destroy the nasal septum. Can
  cause heart attacks due to disturbing electrical
  impulses of the heart. Can occur on the first
  use!
• The drug, not the user, control the shots
• Crack - a form of cocaine

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Stimulants slang names

• Speed
• Uppers
• Crank
• Pep pills
• Medical use Treats hyperactive children
• Treats narcolepsy
• Used for weight control

• Bumble bees
• Hearts
• Footballs
• Christmas trees
• Black beauties

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Meth Mouth

• Experts believe that meth ravages teeth by drying
  up saliva and leaving users with dry mouths.
• Without saliva, bacteria in the mouth multiply,
  leading to decay.
• Dentists report that healthy teeth can become
  rotten from even a few months of meth use.

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Long- Term Effects of Meth Use

• Hallucinations
• Disorganized lifestyle
• Violent and aggressive behavior
• Permanent psychological problems
• Behavior resembling paranoid schizophrenia
• Poor coping abilities
• Disturbance of personality development
• Lowered resistance to illnesses
• Possible brain damage

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2. DEPRESSANTS

• Depresses or slows down the central nervous
  system. alcohol can prove fatal. Users feel no
  pain or fear.
• Effects similar to the effects of alcohol
• small doses calmness, relaxed muscles
• larger doses slurred speech, impaired
  judgment, impaired coordination
• very large doses respiratory depression,
  coma, death
• How it enters the body swallowed

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2. Depressants

• Medical use to stop convulsions, relief of
  tension and anxiety, to induce sleep
• Slang names yellow jackets, reds, red devils,
  blues, ludes, barbs, downers, yellows
• Drugs barbiturates, tranquilizers, alcohol,
  methaqualone

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3. Narcotics

• Powders ranging from white to dark brown
  tablets, capsules, liquid. Comes from the poppy
  plant or it is synthetic
• Effects stimulates a burst of euphoria, often
  followed by drowsiness, nausea and vomiting.
  Ravages the body and is extremely addictive.
  When paired with alcohol, heroin is easy to
  overdose on.

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3. Narcotics

• Short term problems breathing problems, nausea,
  vomiting, constipation
• Long term problems users must take the drug to
  feel normal. A break of only one day can bring
  on severe withdrawal symptoms aches, chills,
  sweating, muscle spasms and weakness. After a
  break, the usual dose may be an overdose
• Heroine is highly addictive.

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3. Narcotics

• Medical use pain relief, cough suppressant
  (codeine), pain relief, stops diarrhea, relief
  from tooth pain
• Morphine used to reduce severe pain. Exa.
  Relief from cancer
• Slang names smack, horse, brown sugar, junk,
  mud, big H, Miss Emma, schoolboy, dollies, blue
  velvet
• How it enters the body injected, smoked or
  inhaled

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3. Narcotics

• Heroine has no accepted medical use in the US.
  
• Depresses the nervous system an slows breathing
  and pulse rate
• Coma or death may occur with large doses
• Tolerance develops quickly

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HALLUCINOGENS(Psychedelics)

• Drugs that distort the senses and cause
  hallucinations
• Could appear as liquid, capsules, powder, blotter
  paper, thin gelatin squares, mushrooms
• Effects time distorted, senses distorted, may
  produce bizarre, unpredictable behavior, person
  may sit for hours in a quiet dreamlike state
• how it enters the body swallowed, injected,
  smoked, licked off paper, chewed

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4. Hallucinogens

• Short term effects a bad trip intense
  panic, confusion, deep depression, terrors, scary
  delusions. Can cause fatal accidents
• Long term effects Out-of-the-blue flashbacks
  hallucinations without taking the drug again for
  up to a few days to a year after an acid trip.
  Severe depression
• All are illegal

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4. Hallucinogens

• PCP(angel dust) considered to be one of the most
  dangerous of all drugs. Time seems to pass
  slowly, body movements slow down, coordination
  impaired, dulls the sensations of touch and pain.
• Mescaline is the psychoactive ingredient of the
  peyote cactus.

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4.Hallucinogens

• LSD (acid) effects are widely unpredictable.
  Some users believe that they can fly
• LSD acid is odorless, colorless. Often added
  to absorbent paper, such as blotter paper, and
  divided into small decorated squares.
• The effects of LSD are unpredictable. Great mood
  swings, delusions and visual hallucinations. The
  user may hear colors and see sounds.
• Trips are long about 12 hours. Some users
  experience severe, terrifying thoughts and
  feelings, fear of losing control, fear of
  insanity and death and despair.
• Flashbacks occurs suddenly, often without
  warning, and may occur within a few days or more
  than a year after LSD use

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ANABOLIC STEROIDS

• Powerful compounds that are similar to the male
  sex hormone, testosterone. These drugs are taken
  to increase muscle mass and strength
• Effects may initially increase muscle mass,
  body strength, and weight, purple or red spots
  on the body, swelling of feet and legs,
  unpleasant breath odor, depression, increased
  risk of heart attack, stroke liver cancer, acne
• Males - sterility, withered testicles, impotence
• Females irreversible masculine traits, breast
  reduction, sterility
• How it enters the body swallowed, intramuscular
  injection

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Steroids
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INHALANTS

• Dangerous fumes are concentrated in a bag, on a
  cloth, etc. and inhaled
• Effects nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds,
  fatigue, lack of coordination, loss of appetite,
• solvents decrease in heart rate and
  breathing, impaired judgment
• nitrites rapid pulse, headaches, loss of
  bowel and bladder control, long term use can
  cause hepatitis, brain damage, nervous system
  damage, suffocation, and death
• How it enters the body Vapors are inhaled
  through the nose or mouth
• A person can go into a coma from a single use and
  be in a vegetable state the rest of his/her life
• Gate way drug

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MARIJUANA

• The dried leaves, stems, and seeds of the
  cannabis sativa plant Hashish is the dark brown
  resin that is collected from the top of this
  plant.
• Effects increased heart rate, bloodshot eyes,
  dry mouth and throat, increased appetite,
  short-term memory loss, altered sense of time,
  damage to lungs and circulatory system
• How it enters the body Smoked in joints, pipes,
  eaten
• Main active chemical I marijuana is THC.
  Marijuanas effects on the user depend on the
  strength of t he THC
• Cannabis is a hallucinogen and has the effects of
  both a depressant and a stimulant
• Alters your senses, coordination, reaction time,
  and can interrupt your ability to make rational
  and healthful decisions.

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Marijuana

• Short term effects problems with memory and
  learning, distorted perception, difficulty in
  thinking and problem solving, loss of
  coordination, increased heart rate, anxiety, and
  panic attacks.
• Effects on the lungs same respiratory problems
  that tobacco users have. (cancer, etc,)
• If you use marijuana for a long time, you could
  start losing interest in how you look and how
  youre doing in sports, school or any activity
  that you are involved in

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CLUB DRUGS

• Are used by young adults at all-night dance
  parties such as raves or trances, dance
  clubs, and bars.
• Some club drugs are colorless, tasteless, and
  odorless. They can be added to beverages by
  individuals to intoxicate or sedate others.
• There has been an increase in reports of club
  drugs used to commit sexual assaults

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Club Drugs

• Ecstasy (MDMA) adam, or HTC - mind
  altering drug with hallucinogenic properties
• Health hazards psychological difficulties,
  confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug
  craving, severe depression.
• Physical problems muscle tension, nausea,
  blurred vision, chills, sweating
• Long term problems damage to the parts of the
  brain critical to thought and memory

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CLUB DRUGS

• GHB is odorless and nearly tasteless. Induces
  a state of relaxation
• Can be slipped into someones drink without
  detection. Has been reportedly used in cases of
  date rape.
• Physical problems nausea, vomiting, respiratory
  problems, seizures, coma

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CLUB DRUGS

• Rohypnol people may unknowingly be given the
  drug which, when mixed with alcohol, can
  incapacitate and prevent a victim from resisting
  sexual assault.
• Physical symptoms sedative-hypnotic effects
  including muscle relaxation and amnesia.

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Club Drugs

• Ketamine special k is a powerful hallucinogen
  that includes visual distortions and a lost sense
  of time, sense and identity.
• Profound physical and mental problems including
  delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function and
  potentially fatal problems
• Special K is a powder that is usually snorted but
  is sometimes sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana
  and smoked.

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Addiction what friends or family members can do

• Many families, after recognizing that the problem
  exists, will have an intervention.
• Intervention - the interruption of the
  addiction continuum before the addict hits
  bottom.
• Meetings take place without the addicted persons
  knowledge.
• Second step in this process is a surprise meeting
  with the addict that forces the addict to face
  the seriousness of the problem.
• If addict refuses to recognize the problem, the
  addict will be given an ultimatum - Wife will
  move out, etc.

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Recovery

• A process that happens over time -. A recovered
  person never says I am cured, but I am
  recovering.
• The first step in the recovery process is
  detoxification the removal of the drug from the
  body, usually under medical supervision
• This step also includes restoring ones mental
  health
• Most experts recommend total abstinence
• Relapse slips from recovery, or periodic
  returns to use can happen

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Treatment options

• Support group such as AA, narcotics Anonymous,
  cocaine anonymous
• Detoxification Units a person is under a drs.
  care and may be given some medication to ease the
  symptoms of withdrawal
• Inpatient treatment centers involves detox and
  counseling, both individual and group

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Treatment options

• Outpatient treatment centers
• involves follow up sessions, counseling
• Continuing programs
• Halfway houses-
• people are admitted to this program generally
  after they have completed at least a 28 day
  recovery program where they stay for 6 months to
  a year where they learn coping and living skills
  they will need when they return to society.

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Choosing to be Drug Free!

• Learn to say no!
• Give a reason (lie or truth)
• Provide alternatives
• Use eye contact to say no
• Take a definite action
• Realize that no drug will solve your problem
• Talk to trusted friend/counselor, etc.
• Learn to handle the stress in you life and get
  help when you need it.