Telecommunication and Information Technology Infrastructure

1
Telecommunication and Information Technology
Infrastructure
2
Agenda

• Telecom IT development
• Impact of the Internet
• Technical infrastructure
• Operating mechanisms
• Building electronic communities
• The need for a master plan
• Case study

3
Changing Patterns of Information Flows

• Global distribution
• Speed
• Collaboration
• Free, fast flow of information
• Leverage all forms of communication technologies
• Flexible, mobile structures

4
The Dawn Of The Paperless Arena ?
5
Telecom and IT Development
6
Moving Towards Pervasive Networking
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ConvergenceInevitable Result of Innovation
Parallel Technologies

• Innovation is not linear
• Similar services develop within parallel
  technologies
• Duplicate structures are developed
• Complexity and cost become roadblocks to further
  deployment
• Single solution selected

8
ConvergenceShort and Long Term Benefits

• Drivers
• Less complexity
• Less equipment
• Simplified management
• Reduced cost
• Result
• Innovation has a common focus
• New services created

9
Voice, Video and DataReady for Convergence

• Parallel networks
• Shared end points
• Use common services
• Duplication
• Services
• Equipment
• Management

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Transformation at the Desktop
Communication Tool
Data Access Tool
MMX
H Standards
T Standards
Windows 98 / NT 5.0
Data Access Video Conferencing Shared
Whiteboard Video Broadcast Video Playback IP
Telephony Shared Applications
Imbedded Codecs
Word Processing Print File Transfer Host
Access Email
Imbedded Apps
Priority
WS 2.0
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Converged Networks
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Impact of Converged Networks
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Who gets impacted ?
Healthcare
Finance
State/Local Govt
Retail
Manufacturing
Education
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Integrated Healthcare Facilities
Blood Bank
Home Health Agency
Hospital
Patient Data
State / National Awareness
Insurance Payor
Nursing Home
HMO
Doctors Office
Doctors Office
Outpatient Clinic
Outpatient Clinic
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In Education.

• National University of Singapore
• Network TV - CNN, CNBC, local TV over existing
  network
• Unitar in Malaysia
• Virtual university - virtual campus and distance
  learning
• Hong Kong University
• Collaborative Work Environment (CWE) - text,
  video, audio, multicast video

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Everyday...
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But Is Technology Our Enemy?
of intense Internet users whospend less time
on the following
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Technology as a Tool for Simplifying Our Lives
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Impact of the Internet
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Popularity Contest?

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Popularity Contest?
25
The Expanding Universe
INTERNET
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Popularity Contest?
27
Infrastructure Complexity On the Rise...
Remote Office
Voice Network
PBX
Data Network
T1
FR
Mobile Workers Telecommuters Small Offices
Analog
Dial Network
ISDN
IP
Customers Partners Web Services
Shared IP Network
Infrastructure Complexity
Low
High
28
The Trend Global Strategy for Integration
Remote Office
Mobile Workers Telecommuters Small Offices
IP-Based Networking
Customers Partners Web Services
Infrastructure Complexity
Low
High
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Could the Internet Replace Other Wide-Area
Technologies?
Maybe 22
Already Happening 6
No 27
Yes 45
Study conducted by Forrester Research, Inc.
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What Capabilities Would the Internet Need Before
You Would Use It As a WAN?
More network redundancy 10
Proven reliability record 18
Performance guarantees 20
More bandwidth 22
Better Security 75
Study conducted by Forrester Research, Inc.
More than one response allowed
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Virtual Private Networking Services

• Key Requirements
• Maintain privacy and network control
• Extend corporate LAN without compromising
  security
• Support telecommuters and mobile users

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Internet Telephony Services

• U.S. Growth in VoIP Services
• Internet Packet Based 138
• Compare Circuit Switched 18.6

• Worldwide market of 1.8 billion by 2001

Source IDC, 1997
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Voice over IP - Example Service
Data Call In-Progress
Incoming Call - Answer?
PSTN
Incoming Voice Call!
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Fax over IP Services
U.S. Internet Fax Gateway Outbound Faxing and Fax
Mailbox Service
38 billion fax market !!
Source IDC, 6/96
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Internet Facsimile Services
Japan
Real-Time
Fax Send (as Data) Fax Rcv (as Data)
V.17
Local Dial
POTS
V.17
Chicago
Hotel
Store
Forward
V.17
Local Dial
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Video Conferencing Systems

• 75 million Enabled H.323 desktops (WinTel)
• Support for H.323 Gateway Functionality Needed in
  the Remote Access Platform
• Gateways will Drive Need for MCU Functionality

In two years, willyou support IP video?
What will you use it for?
Percent of Fortune1000 Companies
Interviewed Source Forrester Research, 1/97
Remote Meetings
YES
38
78
Customer Service
24
NO
10
10
Publishing
Maybe
4
Training
6
Dont Know
Marketing Pitches
?
8
2
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Multimedia Remote AccessVideo Gateway
Branch Office
Corporate
ISDN
HiPer Access System Video Gateway
HiPer Access System Video Gateway
ISDN
Fire Wall
Fire Wall
Dial-up Clients
LAN
LAN
Routers
Managed IP Backbone
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Threat or Opportunity ?

• International phone services via the Internet at
  rates between 40-70 less than traditional
  carriers - eg USA Global Link
• ITU report - if the Internet steals just 6 of US
  phone traffic, this would eliminate all the
  profits of US long distance carriers
• Probe Research - by 2001, Internet IP based
  systems will carry more than 7 of the worlds
  international phone traffic
• Phillips Tarifica - by 2001, loses to Internet IP
  based traffic - ATT 350m, Deutche Telekom
  173m, Telecom Italia 161m
• Telcos (Deutche Telekom, FranceTelcom SA,
  Telecom Finland) currently investing in X over IP
  companies (VocalTec etc)
• WorldCom Incs 30b bid on MCI is abt gaining
  Internet IP reach

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Technical Infrastructure
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Basis of Access Model
Core Network
Access Sites
Access Network
Access Layer
Packet/frame/TDM and/or Cell/ATM
Backbone Layer

• Large networks have access and backbone layers
• Applies equally to Service Provider and
  enterprise market segments

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Access Layer
Carrier Network
Customer Premise
EDGE Switch
CO/CORE Switch
Edge Switch
Core Layer
Edge Layer
Remote Access Concentrator
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ISPs Emerging Access Methods
Wholesale Modem Pool Service
Analog Modem
ISP n
ISP 1
ISDN
xDSL
Multi-accessDSLAM / VPOP
Retail ISP Service
G.Lite
Telco ISP Service
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ADSL with Existing Copper Loops
ISPs or Corporate
Data Center / CO
DSL Modem
ATM
Wide Area Concentrator
Local Loop
NID
Wide Area Concentrator
DSL Router
Telephone Switch
NID
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Cable Modem Networks
NSP
Two-Way Cable
Internet
Telco Return
Internet
45
CDMA Wireless Networks
Laptop with data adapter
PSTN
VPN
CDMA wireless phone
Internet
CDMA phone w/ U.P. Browser
Layer 2 Tunnel
TCP/IP
L-Interface - PSTN Path Landline modem protocol
(V.xx, FAX)
UP
IWF
L-Interface - MD Path PPP
Circuit Switched
Base Station
CDMA MSC/CBSC
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Multi-Service Access Overview
SS7
PSTN
Private Data Network
Cable
Services
CDMA
ADSL
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Building Electronic Communities
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The Electronic.Net Components
Management
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Technology Players in Electronic.Net
National IT Councils
National Carriers
Browsers
Users
Access
Content
Core
Databases
Networks
Computers
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Electronic.Net - The Infostructure
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Electronic.Net - The Infostructure
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Electronic.Net - The Infostructure
National Cyberlaws
ExternalDatabases
Ecommerce/ Banks
CommunityNetworks
InternationalInvestors
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Electronic.Net - The Infostructure
National Cyberlaws
ExternalDatabases
Ecommerce/ Banks
CommunityNetworks
International Links
InternationalInvestors
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The Electronic.Net Components
Management
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Challenges of a Changing Workplace
By the year 2000, 60 of new jobs will require
advanced technological skills, only 20 of the
average workforce pocesses these skills today !
Employees cannot have discrete skills, must
acquire skills that allow them to find,
interpret, manipulate, and present information
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Changing Skills Requirements

• Ability to learn specialized information quickly
  / continously
• Identify what is important from mountains of data
• Work effectively in dynamic groups without need
  for personal contact, on projects that span
  geographic boundaries
• Present information orally, in writing and thru
  multimedia

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The School - A Tool for Equalizing Opportunities

• More education - more career opportunities
• Similar gulf - access to technology
• Penetration of IT into bigger educational systems
  and richer homes
• Children with access to technology at home -
  educationally / economically advantaged
• Schools - as levelers of opportunity for
  tradionally disadvantaged students

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Fundemental Barriers in Educational Process

• No one appointed to create the new model of
  learning
• No plan for identifying the weakness in current
  system
• Few incentives exist for change, status quo is
  alluring
• Shortage of cirriculum materials for flexible
  21st century schools
• Inadequate new-tools training available for
  educators
• Bandwidth of teachers already mostly taken up -
  but more technology and network instruction must
  be added
• Computers - many teachers behind the youngest
  students

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Fundemental Barriers in Educational Process

• Resource barrier - need Internet Ready resources
• Upgrade funds must be secured on a continuing
  basis
• Technology telecommunication costs become a
  standard part of schools capital plans
• More resources needed to manage ongoing network
  needs

Barriers need to removed to eliminate gaps
between haves and have nots
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A Comprehensive Technology Plan

• Leave the technology to the experts
• Focus on educational issues, get staff input,
  focus on staff development
• Consider physical environment issues
• Define capital and operational budgets
• Develop timelines and assign responsibilities

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The Challenge Of Access

• How to provide new ways to access the state
  intranet from remote locations, that are
• Cost-effective
• Secure
• Reliable
• Predictable
• Outsource-ready

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Electronic.Net - Access Needs Vary
Remote public users have different access
requirements. Electronic.Net must be flexible
in order to provide different types of access.

• Virtual Private Networks
• secure network access via the Internet
• Remote Access
• access via analog and ISDN public telephone
  network
• Virtual Leased Lines
• point-to-point links with the economies of shared
  network
• Internet / Faxback Access

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The Need For A Master Plan
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Electronic.Net Functions

• 1. Backbone infrastructure for the country
• 2. Gateway to Electronic Government Services
• 3. Backbone infrastructure for community systems
  ie electronic commerce, education networks,
  telemedicine initiatives
• 4. Backbone infrastructure for converged media
• 5. Gateway to the global Internet

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Policy Makers
Network Developer Operator
ITMP
Government Connections
Training Arm
Public Information
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Strategic vision mission of an ITMP

• Achieve administrative renewal
• Bring the government closer to its citizens
  through a fully electronic government within a
  specified timeframe
• Facilitate the reinvention of the government
  through strategic deployment of information and
  multimedia technologies.

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Goals of a Information Technology Master Plan

• To create an information-rich society
• To create knowledge-driven economy
• To improve the effectiveness of achieving
  socio-economic development objectives
• To bring about a radically improved standard of
  living
• To enable access to public services at "anytime,
  anywhere, anyhow"
• To utilise multimedia technologies for a
  paperless administration
• To enable communications and interactions through
  electronic and multimedia channels
• To facilitate the creation of electronic commerce
  

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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Non Technical Issues Policy Management
Challenges 1. Roles and Responsibility of various
parties involved. 2. Centralize Decentralize
Management 3. Policy for supervisory
purposes 4. Policy for promoting
Electronic.Net 5. Agent of Changes Culture
Challenges 1. Users are technical
ignorance 2. Resistant to change 3. New work
culture
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Connecting Remote Locations
Dial Up Analog / Digital
Leased Lines
Frame Relay
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
TCP / IP (Internet Technology)
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
PTT / ISP Network Management
24 Hours Router - Router Monitoring
Remote Monitoring
Monthly Network Utilization Report
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Frame Relay Technology
9.6 kbps - 2MB kbps
2nd Layer Network
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Authentication Servers
State-of-the Art Firewall (Intra Inter)
Site Firewall
Users Log Files
Proxy Servers
74
Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Hot Swappable Hard disc
Tape Drive Backup Network Backup
Backup Equipment
UPS (Hot Swappable) Power Backup
Network Redundancy
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
No. of Dial-up Ports
Trunk Free Number from everywhere in country
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Technical Issues Network Challenges 1. Geographi
cal Coverage Issues 2. Multiple Platforms
Issues (Mainframe, Unix, PCs, MAC etc.)
3. Network Management Issues 4. Network
Expansion Issues 5. Security Issues (Intranet
Internet) 6. Network Reliability Issues 7. Remote
Access Issues Application Challenges 1. Applicat
ion Development Issues 2. Application Deployment
Issues
Web Base Programming
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Electronic.Net Challenges
Non Technical Issues Policy Management
Challenges 1. Roles and Responsibility of various
parties involved. 2. Centralize Decentralize
Management 3. Policy for supervisory
purposes 4. Policy for promoting
Electronic.Net 5. Agent of Changes Culture
Challenges 1. Users are technical
ignorance 2. Resistant to change 3. New work
culture

• Roles and Responsibility is clearly defined in
  ITMP, and EG policies
• Centralize Manage - Policy, Guides, Network
  Infrastructure, Common Core Applications
• Decentralize Manage - Department specific
  applications, new expansion in departmental level
• Electronic.Net Policy
• Electronic Gov. Policy
• Domain Name Policy
• Terms Conditions
• Security Policy
• Electronic.Net Agent in all government
  departments and units

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Electronic.Net Challenges
Non Technical Issues Policy Management
Challenges 1. Roles and Responsibility of various
parties involved. 2. Centralize Decentralize
Management 3. Policy for supervisory
purposes 4. Policy for promoting
Sabah.Net 5. Agent of Changes Culture
Challenges 1. Users are technical
ignorance 2. Resistant to change 3. New work
culture

• Training - Starts from top management
• Campaign, promotion, incentive, enforcement
  (budget reallocation)

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Case Study
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Electronic.Net Concept
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Sample ITMP Operation Framework
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Conceptual Architecture For Electronic Community
Internet
Financial Network
Public Domain
GovernmentDomain
FinancialDomain
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Electronic Goverment Model
Technical model
Operational model
Business model
Multiple service delivery channels
Service ProviderMany service providers
competing over multiple channels for transaction
revenue
Single window of government
Gateway Provider One or a few integrators
building gateways to link legacy systems to
public domain, competing for transactions
Public Domain
Financial Network
GovernmentDomain
Multiple back office processes
GovernmentGovernment maintains ownership of
service processes and backoffice systems
FinancialDomain
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State ITMP Technology Model

• Corporate PC
• Home PC
• Kiosk
• Facsimile
• Voice

• Ministries
• Remote PC in State Agencies

• Local Terminals
• PC in Agencies

Mainframes Servers
PrivateAgency Data
PublicInformation
DataWarehouse
State Library
KKIP Comm
State Data Services
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IT Infrastructure Model
Internet
MSC
Updates
tcp/ip
tcp/ip
Retrievals
remote server
remote server
National Intranet
Retrievals
Updates
Ministries
Government Departments
tcp/ip
POTs
Ethernet
Updates
PCs, Browsers, Fax, Kiosks, Voice
Retrievals
central web transactional servers
BOT Company
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IT Architectural Models
Applications
Management
Services
Application Platform Operating Software and
Hardware
Information and Data Services
Comm Services
System Application Interfaces
User Interfaces
External Environment
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State.Net User to Service Model
Presentation Processing User Interfaces Network
Interface
Internet
MSC
WAN Services Voice, Fax, Frame Relay ISDN, ATM,
VPN
State.Net Intranet
PCs, Browsers, Fax, Kiosks, Voice
Hubs, Switches Routers, Remote Access Servers
POTs
Data Warehousing Data Distribution, Transaction
Processing Multimedia Streams
NOS Server Processes Workstations Computers
central web transactional servers
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Sabah.Net Network Technology
Application (Various Content Providers)
Servers (Software) (Netscape) (Linux) (MS
BackOffice)
Database (Software) (Oracle) (MS Access)
Servers (Hardware) (SUN) (NT) (Linux)
Networking and Connectivity (3Com) (US Robotic)
(Others)
Telecommunication Backbone (COINS)
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Decision support systems Consolidated national
databases Warehouse processing
- Country data processing department Existing
operational databases
Data
Data
Data
Data
Workgroup server
Workgroup server
Data
Route/ Distribute
Merge Filter Sort
Aggregate .
Transform
Transform
Transform
Transform
Data
Data
Data
Data
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Criteria for Applications Selection
Approach
Framework
High
Develop criteria for pilot selection and generate
list of potential pilots
Tier 2 Potential applications
Tier 1High potential pilots
Impact

• High visibility
• High value delivered
• Improved efficiencies (e.g., productivity gains,
  improved revenue collection)
• High urgency

Evaluate pilots against selection criteria
Tier 3 Future applications
Tier 2 Potential applications
Confirm pilot selection through agencys
involvement
Low
High
Feasibility
Finalize list of pilot applications as focus of
work for sub-teams

• Availability of technology
• Ease of implementation (eg. process,
  organizations, regulations, tech.)
• Reasonable capital costs to govt
• Short timeframe - QuickWins
• High user acceptance

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Prioritization of Applications
High
1
On-line registration of company and business
1. Electronic procurement and trading 2. On-line
registration of companies and business
3. Electronic trade licenses/permits 4. On-line
foreign trade information 5. On-line
entrepreneurial programs
2
Electronic trade licenses/permits
1
3
Electronic procurement and tendering
4
On-line foreign trade information
2
5
On-line entrepreneurial programs
3
6
On-line information on grants/incentive trade
statistics
7
On-line economic policies information on
projects status
4
I M PA C T
8
Electronic registration of society
5
9
Operational permits
9
10
Information on demographics
11
Electronic sponsorship information
6,7,8
10
On-line information on tariffs and shipping
schedules
12
13
On-line case information
17
14
Information on agriculture
11,12,13
14,15
15
Electronic GIS, land information and land zoning
16
Electronic publishing of censorship and
broadcasting policies
16
17
On-line rural programs information
18
18
On-line environment requirements information
Low
High
FEASIBILITY
93
Phase 1 - Applications (Completed In Progress)

• State Government Intranet Web Pages
• State Government Electronic Mail System
• State Government Directory System
• State Government Electronic Invitation System
• State Government Online Bulletin Board System
• State Government Electronic Fora System
• State Government Online Form System
• State Government Electronic Circular System
• State Government Online Gazette System
• State Government Law Net System

94
Phase 2 Application

• Web-Enabling Existing Government Applications
• More Government Applications
• Education Network
• Organisation Network
• Electronic Commerce
• Fax Voice over IP
• Video Conferencing

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Community Electronic Networks

• Develop electronic IT masterplan
• Select best of breed partners
• Develop an implementation plan
• Short and long term deliverables
• An awareness campaign

Lots of users to connect
The promise of a new awakening era
Lots of data to network
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To build a net where access to information is...

• Affordable
• Simple
• High Performance
• Multimedia
• Global
• Universal
• Deregulated

Nepal.Net ?
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Electronic Communities Bring Quality
ServiceInvestmentEquality
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Electronic Communities Everywhere
Video Clip - Not Printable
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michael_warren _at_ 3com.com phone [phone]