Principles of Landscaping, Maintenance, Xeriscaping, and Water Gardens

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Principles of Landscaping, Maintenance,
Xeriscaping, and Water Gardens

• Unit 34

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Objectives

• Apply the principles of landscaping, maintenance,
  xeriscaping, to an actual setting to understand
  the goals of the landscape profession.
• Describe 3 major career fields within residential
  landscaping
• List the main objectives of good residential
  landscaping
• List the 5 principals of landscape design and
  examples of an application of each principle
• List 3 hard paving and 3 soft paving materials
• List the technical procedures for landscape
  maintenance
• Calculate the volume of mulch needed to cover a
  landscape bed

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Objectives (cont)

• List the basic concepts of xeriscaping
• List ways the soil can be improved to conserve
  water
• Identify plants that can be used in xeriscape
  setting
• Explain why mulches are important
• Explain what a water garden is

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The Landscape Industry

• See Assignment at http//jc097.k12.sd.us/Classes/H
  orticulture/LandscapingCareersDiscovery.doc

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Objectives of Residential Landscaping

• To serve the needs and desires of people in
  development of the outdoor environment,
  specifically
• To Determine the exact landscape needs and
  desires of the homeowner.
• To determine the capabilities of the land to
  fulfill those needs and desires.
• To develop the outdoor living area of the
  landscape in a manner similar to the way indoor
  living areas are developed.
• To design the landscape in such a way that
  maintenance practices do not exceed that which
  the homeowner is willing to do.
• To keep costs within the budget of the home owner.

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Questions to ask a client before designing their
landscape.

• How many family members are there? What are their
  ages?
• How much does the family use the outdoor areas
  around the home?
• Does the family entertain frequently? Large or
  small groups?
• How much privacy from the neighbors and passing
  cars do they desire?
• How much maintenance are they willing to do in
  the upkeep of the landscape?

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More Questions

• Are there certain plants they are fond of,
  dislike, or are allergic to?
• What service needs will the landscape be expected
  to accommodate?
• Will the family be using the garden after dark?
• How much does the family want to spend on the
  total development of the landscape?
• Is the family willing to wait several years for
  the plants to reach maturity or do they want
  large plants installed for an immediate effect?

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Site Analysis

• Important step for determining the capabilities
  of the site
• Take note of the following areas
• Dimensions of the property
• Topography of the site (how flat or rolling it
  is)
• Quality of the topsoil and subsoil
• Condition of the lawn areas
• Types and condition of existing plants
• Location of utility lines, meters, and utility
  easements
• Good and bad views from the site
• Locations of glass areas in the house and where
  they open onto in the landscape
• Architectural style of the neighborhood
• Environmental setting of the site and the
  neighborhood
• Existing natural features such as streams, rock
  outcroppings, specimen plants, and wildlife
  habitat areas

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Also take note of

• Location of utility lines, meters, and utility
  easements
• Good and bad views from the site
• Locations of glass areas in the house and where
  they open onto tin the landscape
• Architectural style of the neighborhood
• Environmental setting of the site and the
  neighborhood
• Existing natural features such as streams, rock
  outcroppings, specimen plants, and wildlife
  habitat areas

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The Outdoor Room

• Visualizing the outdoors in a similar manner as
  the indoors can be helpful in developing a
  landscape
• Each area of the outdoor landscape is a room
  separated by shrubs, fences, brick or stone,
  exterior walls, or trellises
• Floors include sand, stone, concrete, brick,
  decking, grass
• Trees make an excellent ceiling, as do awnings,
  canopies, or other overhead structures

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Walls

• Wall materials are selected based on how much
  privacy and security is needed
• Total security 6 tall, solid wall
• Less security lower and more open
• Wall will provide the shape and limits of the
  outdoor room

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Floor

• Hard paving concrete, flagstone, tile, decking
  and brick
• Expensive to install
• Inexpensive to maintain
• Soft paving crushed stone, wood chips, marble
  chips, washed gravel, pine needles
• Moderate cost for both installation and
  maintenance
• Turf Grass most popular
• Low installation, but high maintenance costs
• Ground covers cover areas no one will be
  walking such as slopes or under trees

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The Principles Of Landscape Design

• Simplicity
• Balance
• Focalization
• Rhythm and line
• Scale and Proportion

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Simplicity

• Important to overall unity of design
• Accomplished by repeating specific plants
  throughout design, by massing plant types or
  colors rather than spacing

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Balance

• If properly balanced, the left side should have
  no more visual weight than the right
• Symmetrical balance attained when 1 side is an
  exact duplicate of the other
• Asymmetrical balance one side of the landscape
  has the same visual weight as the other, but no
  duplicates

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Focalization of Interest

• Recognizes that the viewers eye wants to see
  only 1 feature as being most important
• All other elements complement that important
  feature
• Specimen plants are used to create the focal point

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Rhythm and line

• Contribute to overall unity of the landscape
• Develop continuity among different areas of the
  landscape
• Repeating shapes and angles, or lines between
  various areas and elements of the design

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Scale and Proportion

• Keeps all elements of the landscape in the
  correct size relationship w/o towering over the
  buildings

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Unity

• Master principle of landscape design
• Creates the flow among scale and proportion,
  balance, accent, rhythm, and simplicity
• Design will complement the surroundings and
  create an aesthetic appeal

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Landscape Maintenance

• One of the fastest growing divisions of the green
  industry
• Involves technical knowledge of the following
  skills
• Replacement of plant material
• Application of mulch to proper depth around
  plants
• Application of soil analysis
• Pruning
• Weed Control
• Planting and caring for flower beds
• Proper mowing procedures
• Maintenance of landscape accessories.

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Xeriscaping

• Used to practice water conservation in creative
  landscape
• Ensures water efficiency in al future landscape
  practices
• Basic concepts involve
• Good design and planning
• Improving the soil
• Turf areas
• Use of ground covers
• Low water use
• Plant selection
• Use of mulches
• Use of low-volume irrigation
• Proper landscape maintenance

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