Genetic Engineering

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Genetic Engineering
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Warm-Up Questions

• What does the phrase genetic engineering mean
  to you?
• How has your life, or society as a whole, been
  impacted by genetic engineering?

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The Genetics is Right

• Which product does not contain GM ingredients?

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Current GM Food Products

• Soybeans
• Corn
• Cotton
• canola

• Rice
• Bananas
• Fish
• Fruit trees

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History of Food Technology
8000 B.C. end of nomadic era, agriculture begins
1800 B.C. people use microorganisms (yeast) to
create food
A.D. 1795 metal and glass packaging
invented
1856 Pasteurization invented
1865 Genes and traits identified
1914 Quick frozen foods invented
1922 Hybrid corn achieved by cross-breeding
1953 DNA discovered
1973 Genes transferred from one organism
to another
1990 US govt approves 1st
biotechnology product
Mid 1990s commercialization of
biotechnology products
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Genetic Engineering

• What is the genetic material?
• DNA
• The code that defines life

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DNA The Code

• Sequence of bases
• G T C A

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DNA and Genes
GCTACCGGTCAGGTCAAAACTGGTTGCGCTACATCACGTGTGACACGTCA
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DNA and Genes
GCTACCGGTCAGGTCAAAACTGGTTGCGCTACATCACGTGTGACACGTCA
size
Growth rate
Pest resistance
Vitamin content
taste
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DNA and Genes
Unknown genes
GCTACCGGTCAGGTCAAAACTGGTTGCGCTACATCACGTGTGACACGTCA
size
Growth rate
Pest resistance
Vitamin content
taste
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DNA and Genes
Unknown genes
GCTACCGGTCAGGTCAAAACTGGTTGCGCTACATCACGTGTGACACGTCA
size
Growth rate
Pest resistance
Vitamin content
taste
We can target these genes and change them
Genetic Engineering
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Genetic Engineering

• Definition
• Changing the genetic makeup of cells by
  introducing or eliminating specific genes using
  molecular biology techniques.
• Also known as biotechnology

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Why would we do it?

• Can change properties in a positive way
• Grow higher
• Grow faster
• Pest resistant
• More nutritious
• Sweeter taste

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So Whats the Catch?

• Positive changes can have negative effects too
• Some may be tolerable
• Some may be devastating

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Gene Corn Project

• Goal
• Design a genetically engineered corn product
• Develop marketing campaign
• Genetic Engineering Design Company
• Groups of 2 students

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DNA and Genes
Unknown genes
Grow-hi
Grow-fast
Pest-free
Super vitamin
Ultra-sweet

• Your company can select 2 genes to modify
• Develop marketing campaign

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Project Schedule
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Project Requirements
Project Directions and Grading Criteria
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Marketing Campaign

• The following is required
• PowerPoint presentation, or a poster display
  large enough to be read by the class, or a flyer
  to distribute to the class.
• Product name that reflects the modifications.
• Must describe the genes you modified and why you
  modified them.
• Must identify the advantages of your
  modifications.
• Must describe why people should buy your product.
• Must give a 2-minute presentation, each group
  member speaking for 1 minute.

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Engineering Design Process

• Identify product need
• Research available options
• Identify pros and cons of design options
• Choose best design
• Communicate design choice to broader audience
• Critically evaluate other engineering designs to
  identify the appropriate solution

Gene info worksheet
Design worksheet
Marketing campaign
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Resources

• Guide to Biotechnology
• http//www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/
• Current biotech food products
• http//www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_products.
  asp
• http//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome
  /elsi/gmfood.shtml