TRAINING WORKSHOP ON THE PREPARATION OF CASE STUDIES ON INNOVATIONBASED ENTREPRENEURSHIP with Emphas

1
TRAINING WORKSHOP ON THE PREPARATION OF CASE
STUDIES ON INNOVATION-BASED ENTREPRENEURSHIPwith
Emphasis on Micro- and Small Medium
Enterprises06-07 September 2006

• Department of Science Technology
• in cooperation with the UNESCO Office Jakarta,
  Indonesia

2
Overview of the Training Workshop
3
Workshop objectives

• To build capacity in participating countries for
  ST and innovation policy analysis
  
• To contribute to existing literature on ST and
  innovation policy that address issues specific to
  the Asia Pacific region
  
• To foster networking among ST and innovation
  policy institutions and practitioners in the Asia
  Pacific region and facilitate sharing of
  experiences, good practice and successful policy
  models ?

4
Workshop activities 06 September

• Up to 1200 noon
• Innovation-based entrepreneurship general
  concepts
  
• The case study approach
• Key activities in case writing
• Case origin identifying the need
• Identifying case leads
• General guidelines for identification of case
  leads

5
Workshop activities 06 September

• 100-200 PM
• Preparing the case plan
• Case study template
• Proposed schedule for the case study project
• 200-330 PM
• Case writing workshop 1 case plan
• 330-500 PM
• Presentation of workshop outputs

6
Innovation-Based Entrepreneurship General
Concepts
7
Factors necessary for entrepreneurship to take
place

• At least one motivated individual
• An act to capitalize on an opportunity
• An innovation ?

8
For entrepreneurship to occur

• There must be at least one individual who
  performs an act that involves innovation. ?

9
Forms of innovation (newness)

• Product innovation a new product or service
• Process innovation a new production method or
  process
  
• Organizational innovation a new form of
  organization or management
  
• Delivery innovation a new form of delivery or
  distribution
  
• Market innovation a new form of relationship
  with market players ?
  

10
Categories of innovations

• Incremental departures
• Incremental innovations
• Radical departures
• Breakthrough innovations

11
Incremental innovation

• Steady improvements
• Based on sustaining technologies
• Conformance to cultural routines and norms
• Can be rapidly implemented
• Immediate gains
• Develop customer loyalty ?

12
Breakthrough innovation

• Fundamental rethink
• Based on disruptive technologies
• Experimentation
• Need to be nurtured for long periods
• Worse initial performance, potential big gains
• Create new markets ?

13
Process model of creativity, innovation and
entrepreneurship
Latest science and technology
Technology Push

• CREATIVITY
• Production of new and useful ideas
• Discovery of opportunities
• Output new ideas

• INNOVATION
• Refining, evaluation and first materialization of
  new ideas
  
• Evaluation of opportunities
• Output prototype, patent, business plan

• ENTREPRENEURSHIP
• Creation of value in the marketplace
• Exploitation of opportunities
• Output new products, new services or new
  processes

Market Pull
Needs in society and the market place
14
The Case Study Approach
15
Introduction

• There is no one best way of writing cases.?

16
Some important issues in case writing

• How should a case be written?
• How should experiences about which the cases are
  written be selected?
  
• How could a firms cooperation be obtained?
• How should case writers be selected and trained?
• By what criteria should the success of case
  development be measured? ?

17
An unfortunate fact

• Case writing, although a major and continuing
  commitment in the field of education, is
  basically a fairly disorganized activity. ?

18
Approaches to case development

• Individual activity
• Team approach 1 one author with assistants
• Team approach 2 co-authorship
• Case writing project technology focus
• Case writing project no particular focus ?

19
What is a case?

• In the field of management, a case is a
  description of a business or administrative
  issue.
  
• It is normally presented from the point of view
  of the decision maker involved.
  
• The case writer must report the relevant facts of
  the situation at the time the decision needed to
  be made or at the time the problem existed. ?

20
Types of cases

• Action-provoking cases
• Reference cases

21
Types of casesAction-provoking cases

• Action-provoking cases are used in problem-based
  learning, in which students or trainees are
  placed in a problem situation and are encouraged
  to take the role of the problem-solver. ?

22
Types of casesReference cases

• Reference cases not only describe a problem
  situation but also include the chosen solution
  and the outcome of the solution. ?

23
What is the case method?

• The case method refers to the use of cases as
  educational vehicles to give students or trainees
  an opportunity to put themselves in the decision
  makers or problem solvers shoes.?

24
Case writers role

• The case writer attempts to recreate a decision
  situation for analysis and action recommendations
  by the reader. ?

25
What makes a good case?

• It must not be just a story.
• It must tackle a relevant and important issue.
• The case must provide a voyage of discovery and
  even some interesting surprises.
  
• The case must be controversial.
• There must be contrasts and comparisons.
• The case should present relevant data.

26
What makes a good case?

• The case must have a personal touch.
• It must be well-structured and easy to read.
• It must not be too long. ?

27
What makes a good case?It must not be just a
story.

• There must be a managerial or decision making
  issue or issues to be confronted.
  
• These issues must serve to initiate a more
  extensive process of debate and resolution.?

28
What makes a good case?It must tackle a relevant
issue.

• The case must tackle an issue that is of central
  importance to the particular purpose for which it
  was written. ?

29
What makes a good case?The case must provide a
voyage of discovery.

• The case must highlight problems behind
  problems.
  
• The case must allow the audience to consider
  themselves in a role other than that which is
  featured centrally in the case.?
  

30
What makes a good case?The case must be
controversial.

• Good cases are those where one set of data may
  lend itself to different interpretations,
  different judgments, different conclusions, and
  consequently, different actions or
  recommendations. ?

31
What makes a good case?There must be contrasts
comparisons.

• Good cases stimulate learning through displaying
  very different situations, strategies, and
  behavior. ?

32
What makes a good case?The case should have
relevant data.

• Good cases neither have too few nor too many
  data. ?

33
What makes a good case?The case must have a
personal touch.

• Good cases bring people into the foreground.
• A case that just has numbers and facts, but
  nothing about the organizational setting in which
  the issues are being confronted, feels sterile. ?

34
What makes a good case?It must be
well-structured easy to read.

• There are no recipes for this except to keep in
  mind that good case writers have to be good
  writers, to begin with.
  
• Well-structured and well-written cases usually go
  through at least half a dozen drafts to ensure
  crispness and clarity.
  
• Many case writers even rewrite the case once it
  has been used a couple of times, and deficiencies
  have surfaced. ?

35
What makes a good case?It must not be too long.

• Some of the great cases are not more than 5 pages
  long, yet are able to generate outstanding
  discussion and learning. ?

36
What makes a good innovation-based
entrepreneurship case?

• It must comply with all the requirements of a
  good case.
  
• It must highlight innovation at the micro and/or
  small medium-sized enterprises.
  
• It must focus on a success story or best
  practice.
  

37
What makes a good innovation-based
entrepreneurship case?

• It must present government policies and
  interventions that had impact on the innovation
  presented.
  
• It must be publishable. ?

38
Key Activities in Case Writing
39
Key activities in case writing

• Step 1. Case origin The identification of
  needs
  
• Step 2. Identification of case leads The
  search for specific issues and individuals or
  organizations that might supply the case
  information

40
Key activities in case writing

• Step 3. Preparation of the case
  plan Establishment of a scheme that lays out
  the detailed activities needed to complete the
  case
• Step 4. Initial contact The establishment of
  access to material on the case subject
  

41
Key activities in case writing

• Step 5. Case research data collection The
  gathering of the relevant information for the
  case
  
• Step 6. Writing process The organization and
  the presentation of case information
  

42
Key activities in case writing

• Step 7. Release Obtaining permission from the
  appropriate individuals to publish and use
  the case for specific purposes ?

43
Case Origin Identifying the Need
44
Case origin

• Case origin the process that leads to the
  decision I need a case. ?

45
Case origin

• Lets find out what is really going on and write
  about that.
  
• Lets go and look for the cases that will fill
  the following slots. ?

46
Useful side benefits

• For most educators, case research would have at
  least some useful side benefits like staying in
  touch with reality and broadening ones
  familiarity with field situations. ?

47
Commitment to using cases

• To those who are committed to using cases, the
  search for new material is never ending.?

48
Questions we may wish to ask

• How far short are we?
• Where are the worst gaps we have to fill first? ?

49
Identifying Case Leads
50
Establishing leads

• Leads Specific ideas and organizations that
  might form the basis for the writing of cases

51
Establishing leads
Case writer has knowledge that
desired case issue exists in lead
organization?

YES
MAYBE
Specific Case Issue
Drilling Approach Needs to find out if specific i
ssue exists and needs permission to talk about
writing the case
Rifle Approach Needs permission to talk about wri
ting the case
Case writer interest
Shopping List of Possible Case Issues
Prospecting Approach Needs to find out which issu
es to pursue and needs permission to talk about
writing cases
Shot-Gun Approach Needs to find out whether issue
s exist, which issue to pursue and needs
permission to talk about writing cases.
52
General guidelines for identification of case
leads
53
What is a promising case lead?

• It must highlight experiences that contribute to
  the achievement of the countrys development
  goals.
  
• It must highlight innovation at the micro and/or
  small medium-sized enterprises.
  
• It must focus on a success story or best practice
  (or failures, provided there are lessons drawn).
  

54
What is a promising case lead?

• It must present government policies and
  interventions that had impact on the innovation
  presented (positive or negative).?
  

55
An important factor to consider

• Accessibility and willingness of entrepreneur and
  company key officials to cooperate and provide
  relevant information?
  

56
Generating case leads

• Issue invitations to known innovation-based
  entrepreneurs and business practitioners.
  
• Issue invitations to people from the academe.
• Issue invitations to industry associations.
• Hold roundtable discussions.
• Consult/coordinate with institutions (government
  and non-government) concerned with SME
  development. ??
  

57
Preparing the Case Plan
58
Planning

• Planning is the establishment of a scheme that
  lays out the important actions and essential
  elements in writing a case. ?

59
Planning

• In order to produce a good case plan, the case
  writer needs to
  
• Identify the purpose of the case writing task
• Identify the audience or reader
• Decide what information should be put into the
  case ?

60
Parts of a case plan

• Brief description of the case lead
• Brief statement of learning objectives
• Proposed outline of the finished case
• Data requirements list
• Proposed schedule ?

61
Case study template
62
Key components of a case

• An overview paragraph
• Company background
• Profile of the entrepreneur
• Specific area or areas of interest
• Problems and difficulties encountered
• Relevant government policies and interventions
• Conclusion ?

63
The overview paragraph

• The opening paragraph should serve as executive
  summary, highlighting the key aspects of the
  case, without giving details.?

64
Company background

• Company name and location
• Nature of business
• Products
• Management setup and organization structure
• History
• Financial situation ?

65
Specific area or areas of interest

• Technology-based innovations covered in the case
  (described in detail)
  
• Business areas affected by each innovation
• Financial impact of each innovation
• Origin or source of innovation
• Forms of collaboration between the enterprise and
  the government ?
  

66
Problems and difficulties encountered

• Detailed account of the issues and problems which
  have confronted the entrepreneur and the company
  
• Options/alternatives which were considered by the
  entrepreneur/company to address these
  difficulties
  
• Steps taken and/or decisions made by the
  entrepreneur/company to solve these problems ?

67
Relevant government policies and interventions

• The case must highlight government policies and
  interventions which have had impact (negative or
  positive) on the operation of the company.
  
• In certain instances, there may be no need to
  have a separate section instead the discussion
  may be integrated in other parts of the case. ?

68
Conclusion

• End the case with a concluding paragraph that
  closes the case and encourages the the reader
  continue analyzing the implications of the
  information contained in the case. ??

69
Proposed schedule for the case study
projectBased on the output of the November 2005
workshop
70

Identification of case study themes
1 month
Search for case leads
Preparation review of case plans
1 month
2 months
Case writing
1 months
Case review
Case rewriting
1 month
Publication of casebook
71

• THANK YOU!