Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazard Communications Training

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Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazard Communications
Training
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Bloodborne Diseases

• OSHA requires special training for employees
  that are potentially exposed to bloodborne
  pathogens. OSHA also requires that employees be
  trained on the proper use of personal protective
  equipment (PPE) so they are able to protect
  themselves during at-risk procedures. Once
  training has been performed and protective
  equipment is provided to the employee, they are
  responsible for protecting themselves from
  exposure

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Bloodborne Diseases

• Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as
  viruses or
• bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause
  disease in people.
• There are many different bloodborne pathogens
  including malaria,
• syphilis, and brucellosis, but Hepatitis B (HBV),
  and the Human
• Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the diseases
  specifically
• addressed by the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
  Standard and
• covered in this training module.
• While this module will focus primarily on HBV
  and HIV, it is important to know which bloodborne
  pathogens you may be exposed to at work.

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Modes of Transmission

• Bloodborne pathogens such as HBV and HIV can be
  transmitted through contact with infected human
  blood and other potentially infected body fluids
  (i.e. semen, vaginal fluids, saliva, and any
  other body fluid).

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Modes of Transmission

• Bloodborne Pathogens can be transmitted through
  open sores, cuts, and other skin damages.
• Bloodborne pathogens may also be transmitted
  through the mucous membranes of the
• Eyes
• Nose
• Mouth
• For example, a splash of contaminated blood to
  your eye, nose, or mouth could result in
  transmission.

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Modes of Transmission

• Potential Risk Within the Clinical Setting
• Medical and Dental Care
• Handling Blood/Body Fluid samples
• Cleaning Exam Rooms/Spills
• Sharp item punctures

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Modes of Transmission

• Potential Risk Clinic and General Population
  Settings
• Sexual Contact
• Sharing of hypodermic needles
• From mothers to their babies at/before birth
• Accidental puncture from contaminated needles,
  broken glass, or other sharps
• Contact between broken or damaged skin and
  infected body fluids
• Contact between mucous membranes and infected
  body fluids

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Bloodborne Pathogens Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis B (HBV)

• "Hepatitis" means "inflammation of the liver,"
  and, as its name implies, Hepatitis B is a virus
  that infects the liver. While there are several
  different types of Hepatitis, Hepatitis B is
  transmitted primarily through "blood to blood"
  contact. Hepatitis B initially causes
  inflammation of the liver, but it can lead to
  more serious conditions such as cirrhosis and
  liver cancer.

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Hepatitis B (HBV)

• There is no "cure" or specific treatment for HBV,
  but many people who contract the disease will
  develop antibodies which help them get over the
  infection and protect them from getting it again.
  It is important to note, however, that there are
  different kinds of hepatitis, so infection with
  HBV will not stop someone from getting another
  type.
• Hepatitis B is transmitted to healthcare workers
  via blood and body fluids of infected patients.

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Hepatits B Virus Protection

• Any employee who performs tasks involving contact
  with blood, blood-contaminated body fluids other
  body fluids, or sharps will be offered
  vaccination against hepatitis B by PHS at no
  cost.
• If an employee refuses vaccination, they must
  sign a Hepatitis B Declination Statement.

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Bloodborne PathogensHuman Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)
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HIV Transmission and Protection

• HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is not as
  contagious or as harmful as hepatitis B is in the
  healthcare setting. HIV is the name of the virus
  that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency
  syndrome). There is no vaccine for protection
  from HIV infection and no means of cure for AIDS.
  HIV is transmitted through blood and body
  fluids, so many healthcare workers are at risk of
  exposure in their daily routine.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• OSHA requires employees to practice Universal
  Precautions in all healthcare settings where
  exposure to blood and other potentially
  infectious materials may take place in order to
  reduce the chance of infection transmission.
• Universal Precautions
• All specimens including blood and human body
  fluids are treated as if they are infected.

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Reducing Your Risk for Infection

• Regular handwashing and the use of disinfectants
  can reduce the risk of infection.
• Use gloves, masks and gowns to protect yourself
  when directed.
• Place sharps and needles into designated
  containers and avoid recapping needles.

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Piedmont Exposure Control Plan (ECP)
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ECP- Location

• A copy of the OSHA bloodborne pathogen standard
  can be found
• www.osha.gov
• A copy of the OSHA bloodborne pathogen standard
  can also be found in the Infection Control
  Manual.

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Piedmont Health Exposure Control Plan

• All employees including part-time, temporary,
  contract and per diem workers who are determined
  to have occupational exposure to blood or other
  potentially infectious material (OPIM) must
  comply with the procedures and work practices
  outlined in this ECP.

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Piedmont Health Exposure Control Plan

• The PHS Safety Committee will maintain, review
  and update the ECP at least annually, and
  whenever necessary to include new or modified
  tasks or procedures.
• The Nurse Manager at each PHS clinical facility
  will be responsible for the Exposure Control
  program at his/her center. The NM will maintain
  PHS-provided personal protective equipment (PPE),
  engineering controls (e.g., sharps containers),
  labels, and red bags as required by the standard.
• The Nurse Manager at each PHS clinical facility
  will ensure that adequate supplies of the
  aforementioned equipment are available in the
  appropriate sizes.
• The Employee Health Provider at each PHS clinical
  facility will be responsible for ensuring that
  all medical actions required are performed and
  that appropriate employee health and OSHA records
  are maintained.

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Methods for Assuring Safe Practice (Engineering
Controls)

• Engineering controls and work practice controls
  are used to prevent or minimize exposure to
  bloodborne pathogens.
• Effective engineering controls include safer
  medical devices used to prevent injuries before,
  during or after use through safer design
  features.
• The specific engineering controls and work
  practice controls used in this facility are
  listed below
• Safety syringes
• Safety devices
• Sharps disposal containers
• Needleless systems

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Engineering Controls and Work Practices

• This facility identifies the need for changes in
  engineering control and work practices through
• Review of OSHA standards and Joint Commission
  regulations
• Employee feedback
• Meetings of the PHS Safety Committee
• Yearly safety needle/device review
• The Nurse Manager at each clinical facility will
  ensure effective implementation of any
  recommendations.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• The standard PPE for PHS is gloves. PHS will
  provide a variety of gloves to suit the needs of
  the employees.
• Other PPE will be available
• Gowns
• Masks
• Shoe Covers
• Face shield
• Aprons
• Eye wear (goggles)
• Laboratory coats, if worn, would be part of a
  uniform, and as such, not considered PPE. This
  excludes the dental department.

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PPE

• PHS provides protective equipment for staff to
  use wherever a reasonably likely risk of exposure
  to blood or other potentially infectious material
  exist. If an employee feels more protection
  should be provided for certain procedures, they
  should make this request to their supervisor.

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Failure to Use PPE

• Failure to use PPE, or the improper use of PPE,
  such as wearing the wrong size glove, is citable
  by OSHA.

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Glove Usage

• Gloves must be used when there is reasonable
  anticipation of hand contact with blood, other
  potentially infectious material (OPIM), or mucous
  membranes.
• Reusable heavy utility gloves should be used
  during housekeeping and cleaning involving body
  fluids and decontamination procedures.

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Protective Eye Wear, Masks, and Goggles

• Masks and goggles, or a chin length face shield
  are required when contamination of the eyes, nose
  or mouth are reasonably likely to occur from
  splashing, misting or any other means. They are
  not required for routine protection.
• Glasses can be worn in lieu of goggles if they
  furnish adequate protection from all angles of
  exposure.
• The N-95 mask is wore to prevent exposure to any
  airborne diseases. It must not be worn unless
  properly fit tested.

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Gowns, Head Coverings, and Shoes

• Gowns are worn to protect street clothing and to
  protect the arm and neck areas from
  contamination. Gowns are changed daily or until
  they become soiled or wet. Gowns and aprons are
  required only when splashes of body fluids onto
  skin or clothing are reasonably likely to
  occur. Employees must wear suitable protective
  clothing when splashing, misting or
  aerosolization of blood or body fluids is
  possible.
• Laboratory coats, if worn, are part of a uniform,
  and as such, are not considered PPE.
• Head coverings are worn whenever there is a
  potential for splashing or aerosolization of
  chemicals to occur. Head coverings should cover
  the hair, ears and parts of the neck and face.
• SHOES
• PHS recommends avoiding open-toed shoes in
  clinical/OPIM areas

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Resuscitation Equipment

• Resuscitation devices including masks,
  mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, shields/overlay
  bafflers and/or other respiratory equipment are
  available. These minimize exposure to body fluids
  in case of emergency mouth-to-mouth
  resuscitation.
• Employees must be able to demonstrate knowledge
  of and proper use of resuscitation devices.
• The resuscitation devices can be found on the
  code cart in each facility.

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Protective Clothing Disposal

• Aprons/disposable gowns should be rolled off the
  body to minimize potential exposure while taking
  off this PPE.
• All PPE provided by PHS is disposable and should
  be disposed of as soon as the task involving
  potential exposure is completed.
• Handwashing should occur immediately following
  disposal of PPE.

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Signs, Labels Color Coding
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Post-Exposure Evaluation and Follow-Up
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Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure

• An exposure incident occurs when an employee is
  exposed to blood
• or OPIM through a specific eye, mouth, other
  mucous membrane, non
• intact skin or parenteral) contact that results
  from the performance of
• An employees duties.
• Should this happen, the employee MUST
• Wash the exposed area with soap and running water
• Stimulate blood flow
• Report the incident to their Employee Health
  Provider at once
• Employee must report to the on-site employee
  health provider OR on-site Lead Provider
  immediately.

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Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure

• An immediately available confidential medical
  evaluation and follow-up will be conducted by
  the Employee Health Provider designee at each
  site.

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Infection Control Quiz
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Printed Name___________________________ Date
_________

• Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through
  needlestick, cuts, splashes, and sprays.
• True
• False
• What method of cleansing hands can be used in
  lieu of soap and water if hands are not visibly
  soiled?
• When should the sharps container be replaced?
• 25 full
• 50 full
• 75 full
• 100 full

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Printed Name___________________________ Date
_________

• What should you use to clean up biohazard spills
• When should gloves be wore?
• Who does PHS offer a free Hepatitis B vaccine to?
  

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Printed Name___________________________ Date
_________

• Bloodborne pathogens can be transmitted through
  needlestick, I can wear an N95 mask without being
  trained or fitted?
• True
• False
• What should you do if an exposure occurs, such as
  needlestick?
• What is the main PPE for Piedmont Health
  Services?

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Printed Name___________________________ Date
_________

• Please bring your completed quiz to new employee
  orientation.
• You will also be required to locate the following
  items at your site
• Eye wash station
• Infection Control Manual and MSDS Binder
• Sharps Containers
• Biohazard Waste Storage
• PPE Storage
• Spill Kit
• Thank you.