Animal Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom

• Classify similar animals into Phyla
• 36 Animal Phyla
• Only 1 has vertebrates

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Nekton

• Strong swimmers in the pelagic realm

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CUTTLEFISH
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Squid
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Giant Squid Captured, Filmed for First Time Dec
22, 2006- Japan
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An immature female specimen of the squid
researchers are calling Mesonychoteuthis
hamiltoni the "colossal squid". (April 2003)
Fig. 13-12, p. 268
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Cephalopod Mollusks

• Pelagic squid, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus
• (benthic octopus)
• Foot modified into tentacles
• Active predators
• Highly evolved nervous system
• Largest of the invertebrates (59 ft squid)

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VertebratesCartilaginous Fish

• Skeletons made of cartilage
• skates, rays
• more benthic
• Dorsoventrally flattened
• sharks
• More pelagic
• Torpedo shaped and streamlined

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Fig. 13-13, p. 269
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Fig. 13-14, p. 269
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Cartilaginous Fish

• skeletons made of tough elastic cartilage
• negatively buoyant
• Use fins for lift
• Store oil in liver
• Gill slits are visible
• some of the active sharks must swim to breathe

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Vertebrates Bony Fish

• Skeletons made of bone
• most numerous and successful of all vertebrates

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Fig. 13-15, p. 270
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Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes

• swim bladders

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Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes

• operculum

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Fig. 13-16, p. 271
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Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes

• body shape effects the efficiency of movement

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Vertebrates Marine Reptiles

• Sea turtles, sea snakes, marine iguanas, marine
  crocodiles

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Fig. 13-19, p. 273
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Fig. 13-18, p. 272
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Marine Reptiles

• ectothermic
• covered with scales
• breathe air with lungs,
• have specialized salt glands to excrete excess
  salt taken in from seawater

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Vertebrates Marine Birds

• Albatrosses, pelicans, gulls, terns, puffins and
  penguins
• are endotherms
• have feathers
• also have salt secreting glands

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Fig. 13-20, p. 274
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Vertebrates Marine Mammals

• mammary glands
• hair
• endothermic

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Marine Mammals

• Cetaceans
• porpoises, dolphins and whales
• toothed whales baleen whales

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Fig. 13-21a, p. 275
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Fig. 13-21b, p. 276
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Fig. 13-22a, p. 277
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Marine Mammals

• Carnivora
• seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otters and polar
  bears

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Marine Mammals

• Sirenia
• manatees- only herbivorous marine mammal

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Fig. 13-25, p. 279
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Marine Mammals

• streamlined bodies
• breathe air using lungs
• modified respiratory circulatory system system
• osmotic adaptations