Vertebrates II

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Vertebrates II
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What about the Wee Turtles?
Marine turtles tied to terrestrial environment
for oviposition Other Aquatic Reptiles
iguanas, crocodilians, ichthyosaurs
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Sea Turtles
Developed shortened, rigid body form
corselet Limbs required profound modification
from terrestrial existence Unable to retract
head All return to land to reproduce
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Limb Modification
Forelimbs - elongate phalanges enmeshed in a
continuous matrix of tough connective
tissue Foreclaws reduced to three on each limb
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Order Chelonii
2 Families defined by scutes (bony plates)
Cheloniidae have scutes 6-7 species (green,
hawksbill, loggerhead, kemps ridley, olive
ridley, flatback, black)
Dermochelyidae no scutes 1 species (leatherback
)
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Family Cheloniidae
Chelonia mydas
Herbivore Fibrilopapilloma 49-92 Feed off Big
Island Nest French Frigate Shoals 1,000 females
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Family Cheloniidae
Chelonia agassizii
4 pairs of non-overlapping lateral scutes
Pacific coast of S. America
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Family Cheloniidae
Eretmocheyls imbricata
4 pairs of overlapping lateral scutes Feed
Nest around Big Island
Shell highly prized 100/lb Until 1992 20 net
tons/Japan
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Family Cheloniidae
Lepidocheyls olivacea
6 pairs of non-overlapping lateral scutes
Widely Distributed Doing fairly well
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Family Cheloniidae
Lepidocheyls kempi
5 pairs of non-overlapping lateral scutes
Most critically Endangered 1947-42,000 ? 1980s
-1,000? Shrimp trawl bycatch
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Family Cheloniidae
Caretta caretta
5 pairs of non-overlapping lateral scutes
Nests in S. Japan only in N. Pacific prevalent
in Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic
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Family Cheloniidae
Natator depressus
4 pairs of non-overlapping lateral scutes Thin,
smooth, waxy
Australia limited range
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Family Dermochelyidae
Dermocheyls coriacea
20,000-30,000 Worldwide Caught in longlines
jellyfish Sighted offshore Kona
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Sea Turtles
Green or Hawksbill???? Green Hawksbill
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Saltwater Crocodiles
Move among freshwater swamps, rivers,
estuaries and sometimes far out to sea Found in
suitable habitat throughout Southeast Asia and
northern Australia
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Birds
Primarily defined by adaptations for flight
Lack urinary bladder Most females single
ovary Gonads small (??) except breeding
season Eggs develop exterior to
body Toothless Skull/skeleton light (reduction,
fusion, hollow) Feathers
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Birds
Energy-rich diet Rapid digestion High metabolic
rate High body temp 4-chambered heart (1st
vertebrate with) Efficient respiratory
system One-way Flow-thru lungs air-sacs Large
lung capacity Muscle mass concentrated (large
pectorals) High blood sugar High blood pressure
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17 species Emperor, King, Gentoo, Adelie,
Chinstrap, Yellow-eyed, Macaroni, Royal,
Erected-crested, Snares, Fiordland, Rockhopper,
Magellanic, Humboldt, African, Galapagos and
Little
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Penguins
Seabirds most fully adapted to H2O
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Penguins
Streamlined bodies
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Penguins
Aptenodytes (Large penguins)
Pygoscelis (BrushTailed)
Emperor
King
Adelie
Chinstrap
Gentoo
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Penguins
Eudyptes (Crested)
Spheniscus (Banded)
Macaroni
Royal
Erect-crested
African
Humboldt
Fiordland
Snares Island
Rockhopper
Magellanic
Galapagos
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Penguins
Megadyptes (Yellow-eyed)
Eudyptula (Little)
Yellow-eyed
Little Blue