International Seminar on Public Transport Authorities Madrid, 31st March2011 THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY POLICIES Claudio Masi Chairman of the UITP Organising Authorities Committee

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International Seminar on Public Transport
AuthoritiesMadrid, 31st March2011 THE ROLE OF
PUBLIC TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES IN THE FRAMEWORK OF
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY POLICIES Claudio Masi
Chairman of the UITP Organising Authorities
Committee

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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES IN THE
FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY POLICIES

• TODAYS PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF URBAN MOBILITY
• STRUCTURAL MEASURES AND INTEGRATED POLICIES FOR A
  SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE URBANISED AREAS
• DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES THE CASE OF THE
  ECOPASS SISTEM IN MILAN
• THE ORGANISATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND THE ROLE
  OF THE ORGANISING AUTHORITIES

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MOBILITY AND URBAN SPACE

• MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT FORM A VERY COMPLEX
  SYSTEM, WHERE PEOPLE MOVING ON FOOT, BY BICYCLE,
  CAR, OR BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT, AS WELL AS FREIGHT,
  SHARE THE URBAN SPACE.
• THE GROWTH OF THE DIFFERENT MODES HAS BEEN
  UNEQUAL IN THE PAST (WITH A HIGHER MODAL SHARE OF
  PRIVATE VEHICLES, MORE AND MORE URBAN SPACE BEING
  DEMANDED BY MOVING AND PARKED TRAFFIC, VERY
  LIMITED SPACE AVAILABLE FOR PEDESTRIANS AND
  CYCLISTS, ETC.).
• TRANSPORT NETWORKS, AND IN PARTICULAR THE PUBLIC
  TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES, SERVICES AND
  FACILITIES, REPRESENT ONE OF THE MAJOR FACTORS
  DETERMINING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TERRITORIES IN
  THE GLOBAL COMPETITION.

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TODAYS PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF URBAN MOBILITY

• MAIN PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES REGARD
• ROAD CONGESTION (WHICH ESTIMATED COST IN THE EU
  IS ABOUT 2 OF GDP)
• THE HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO
  PUBLIC HEALTH, AS REGARDS THE EMISSION OF
  ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS (SUCH AS CO2, NOX, PM10,
  ETC.), NOISE EMISSIONS AND ROAD ACCIDENTS
• IMPACTS ON ENERGY (WITH TRANSPORT ACCOUNTING FOR
  ABOUT 30 OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION) AND CLIMATE
  CHANGE (THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT).

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STRUCTURAL MEASURES AND INTEGRATED POLICIES FOR A
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE URBANISED AREAS (1)

• INTEGRATION OF LAND USE WITH MOBILITY AND
  TRANSPORT PLANNING (SECTORIAL, VERTICAL,
  HORIZONTAL, MODAL), ENSURING TO ALL THE
  ACCESSIBILITY OFFERED BY THE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS.
• IMPROVING THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURES,
  SERVICES AND TRANSFER FACILITIES, EXPANDING
  CAPACITY AND INCREASING QUALITY LEVELS.
• EXPANDING THE MODAL SHARE OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
• TRAFFIC RATIONALIZATION, SMOOTHER TRAFFIC FLOW
  AND IMPROVEMENT OF ROAD SAFETY LEVELS.
• TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, REAL TIME INFORMATION,
  INFOMOBILITY.
• REDUCING AIR POLLUTION AND NOISE EMISSIONS,
  GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION,
  PROMOTING THE USE OF LOW ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
  VEHICLES, LOWER CARBON VEHICLES AND FUELS AND
  ENERGY SAVING DRIVING.

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STRUCTURAL MEASURES AND INTEGRATED POLICIES FOR A
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE URBANISED AREAS (2)

• IMPROVING THE SOFT MODES (CYCLING AND WALKING)
  AND THEIR INTEGRATION IN TRANSPORT PLANNING AND
  CITY DESIGN. PROMOTING CAR SHARING AND BIKE
  SHARING MODALITIES.
• DEVELOPING E-TICKETING AND FARE MANAGEMENT
  SYSTEMS.
• BETTER INTEGRATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT WITHIN
  INTEGRATED TRANSPORT STRATEGIES.
• DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES (I.E. PARKING POLICIES
  AND REGULATION, MOBILITY MANAGEMENT) INTEGRATED
  WITH PRICING STRATEGIES AND TRAFFIC LIMITATIONS
  WHEN REQUIRED (I.E. CONGESTION CHARGES, POLLUTION
  CHARGES, LOW EMISSION ZONES).

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DEMAND MANAGEMENT POLICIES THE CASE OF THE
ECOPASS SYSTEM IN THE CITY OF MILAN
THE ECOPASS SYSTEM REPRESENT ONLY ONE OF
DIFFERENT MEASURES TAKEN BY MILAN MUNICIPALITY
AIMED TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SOLUTIONS
TAKING CARE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND OF THE
CITIZENS HEALTH Other measures regard PT
strengthening, traffic razionalisation,
improvement of road safety levels, parking
regulation , promotion and development of soft
modes (cycling and pedestrian), car-sharing and
bike-sharing systems, their integration with PT
other transport modes, development of
technologies aimed to traffic and transport
network control, etc.

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THE ECOPASS SYSTEM OF MILAN

• THE ECOPASS AREA
• ECOPASS PAYMENT
• DISCOUNTS AND EXEMPTIONS
• IMPACTS ON TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT
• IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
• The Ecopass system entered in force in January
  2008

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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM AREA TIME

• Km2 8.2 (4.5)
• Residents 77,000 (6)
• Toll entrance accesses 43

• Ecopass is in force from 730 a.m. to 730 p.m.
  Monday to Friday (working days)

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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Vehicles division in
classis on the basis of the PM10 emissive factor
THE CHARGE Daily Ecopass charge is of 2 for
vehicles in Class 3, 5 in Class 4, 10 in
Class 5. Diesel car Euro IV without FAP have been
exempted from paying for a first period including
year 2008 now they shall pay. Free access for
vehicles in classes 1 and 2. Residents in the
Ecopass areas pay a season-ticket of 50, 125
and 250 respectively for Classes 3, 4 and 5
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THE ECOPASS SYSTEM PAYMENT CHANNELS

• TICKETS AT SHOPS, TOBACCONISTS, NEWSAGENTS AND
  ATM POINTS (MILAN PT OPERATOR)
• CALL CENTER FREE PHONE CALLS (PAYMENT WITH CREDIT
  CARDS)
• BANK AUTOMATIC CASH DISPENSER
• INTERNET SITE (PAYMENT WITH CREDIT CARDS)
• DIRECT CHARGING ON BANK ACCOUNT

• Note
• Payment possible until midnight on the day
  following the access to the Ecopass zone
• No charge reduction for commercial veichles.

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THE ECOPASS SYSTEM PAYMENT AND EXEMPTIONS

• Ecopass charge linked to vehicles pollution
  classes
• Exemptions
• mopeds, scooters and motorbikes
• emergency, police and public interest vehicles
• vehicles carrying disabled people
• public transport vehicles
• vehicle carrying perishable goods (from 10 a.m.
  to 4 p.m.)

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THE ECOPASS SYSTEM OF MILAN

RESULTS AND IMPACTS YEAR 2008
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Impact on
Traffic
Traffic index calculated between 730 a.m and
730 p.m of days when Ecopass is in force
Average traffic reduction Ecopass zone -
14.4 Outside Ecopass zone - 6.1

• Index calculated compared with the pre Ecopass
  reference period
• August data not significant (Ecopass a few days
  in force)

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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Impact on Congestion
Km of roads in congestion - 25.1 Total time
saved - 759,000 h/anno Social cost - 9.3
M/anno
Flows/capacity ratio gt 0,9 Elaboration by
AMA model value of time for trip reasons
source UNITE (European Commission, 2001) updated
2008
Peak hour in the morning inside the Ecopass zone
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Impact on the composition
of vehicles classes

• Entrance of more polluting vehicles vehicles
  (classes 3, 4 and 5)
• 57 - 5,069,000 vehicles/year
• Entrances of vehicles belonging to classes 1 and
  2
• 6 677,000 vehicles/year

Index calculated on vehiclesi not authorised
entering the Ecopass area (excluding authorised
vehicles)
100,0
90,0
80,0
58,2
70,0
74,7
74,8
75,1
75,2
76,0
76,7
77,4
77,6
79,0
79,7
80,4
80,3
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
41,8
20,0
23,3
25,3
24,0
25,2
21,0
22,4
22,6
24,9
24,8
19,7
10,0
20,3
19,6
0,0
March
April
October
July
August
February
December
January
June
September
May
November
Reference
Vehicles subject to charge
Vehicles not subject to charge
Environmental friendly (electrici, hybrid, methan
and GPL) vehicles entering the Ecopass
zoneVehicles for passengers - pre-Ecopass
1.102 - December 2008 2.384 116
Commercial vehicles - pre-Ecopass 92 -
December 2008 505 449

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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM
Reduction of traffic atmospherical emissions in
the Ecopass zone
Social cost for reduction of exhaust PM10
emissions - 3.3 M/anno


Source Lombardia Region-ISPI (2005) milanese
territory average values Federtrasporto
(2002) ExternE Vol.9 (External Cost of Transport
Case Studies Italy)
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM
Average daily PM10 concentration (µg/m3) in
Milan from 1 January to 31 December
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM
Number of days exceeding the threshold of 50
µg/m3 in Milan from 1 January to 31 December
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Passengers
transported by Public Transport
Variation 2007/2008 5.7 35 million of
passengers
Data ATM-Milan
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM Commercial speed of
surface Public Transport vehicles

• Reference period
• pre-Ecopass8.67 km/h
• Average 20089.25 km/h
• Variation 6.7

The increase of the average commercial speed due
to traffic reduction in the Ecopass zone and to
introduction of new reserved lanes for PT vehicles
Data ATM-Milan
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MILAN ECOPASS SYSTEM
ROAD ACCIDENTS
20071,345 accidentsof which 853 with injured
people 2008 1,151 accidentsof which 753 with
injured people VariationTotal accidents
-14.4 (-4.6 in Milano outside Ecopass
zone) Accidents with injured people -14.2 (-6.7
in Milano outside Ecopass zone) Social cost
- 8.4 M/anno
Total road accidents in the Ecopass zone from
730 to 1930
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
March
October
April
August
February
July
January
November
June
September
December
May
Total road accidents 2007
Total road accidents 2007
Accidents with injured people 2008
Accidents with injured people 2008
Estimate, only for the Ecopass zone, based on
the 1st Programme of implementation of Road
Safety National Plan and Federtrasporto
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THE ORGANISATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND THE ROLE
OF THE ORGANISING AUTHORITIES (1) Some issues
which need to be addressed

• IMPROVING THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE VARIOUS
  TRANSPORT MODES (INTER-MODALITY) AS WELL AS THE
  COORDINATION OF LAND USE AND TRANSPORT PLANNING
  BETWEEN NEIGHBOURING MUNICIPALITIES.
• THE NEED TO INTEGRATE SHORT, MEDIUM AND LONG TERM
  STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC
  TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, SERVICES AND RELATED TRANSFER
  FACILITIES AND ROAD TRANSPORT.
• DECENTRALIZATION OF RESPONSIBILITIES AND
  FINANCING TO LOCAL AND REGIONAL AUTHORITIES.

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THE ORGANISATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND THE ROLE
OF THE ORGANISING AUTHORITIES (2) Some issues
which need to be addressed

• PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNANCE ASPECTS, REGARDING,
  FOR EXAMPLE, THE OPPORTUNITY TO ESTABLISH
  RESPONSIBLE AUTHORITIES (SUCH AS THE ORGANIZING
  AUTHORITIES) WITH THE AIM TO CREATE MORE
  EFFECTIVE TRANSPORT NETWORK INTEGRATION, E-TICKET
  SYSTEMS AND COORDINATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
  NETWORKS/SCHEDULES.
• THE IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
  WITH RESPECT TO RELIABILITY, FLEXIBILITY,
  AFFORDABILITY AND CUSTOMERS NEEDS.
• COMPLETION AND HARMONIZATION OF LEGAL ACTS ON
  TRANSPORT, LAND USE, ETC.

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PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROLS, COMPETENCES, DECISIONAL
LEVELS
Pyramid of objectives

• Organising Authorities are
• organisations, which
• act in the public interest
• ensure well-functioning, attractive integrated
  transport system

Politics
Transport Authorities
Operators

• They provide the framework for successful public
  transport directed at economic, social and
  environmental value for citizens and business

Own illustration based on A Market in Motion,
2005
Source Organising Authorities Mission Statement
(UITP-2009)
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ORGANISING AUTHORITIES (OA)Possible Tasks
revealed by a survay of the Organising
Authorities Committee in 2008-9 (I)

• Plan and/or regulate public transport services
• Define public service obligations
• providing accessibility special fares for
  chosen groups
• requesting higher environmental standards
• ordering commercially unviable routes
  timetables
• Manage public budgets for ordering or
  co-financing public transport services
• Be owner or manager of public transport
  infrastructure/operator

Source Organising Authorities Mission Statement
(UITP-2009)
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ORGANISING AUTHORITIES (OA)Possible Tasks
revealed by a survay of the Organising
Authorities Committee in 2008-9 (II)

• Integrate different transport modes different
  transport companies
• Demand analysis
• network integration coordination of timetables
• common information systems marketing campaigns
• joint ticketing structure collection and
  distribution of fare revenues
• Park Ride/ Bike Ride
• Providing priority for public transport
• Provide integrated transport management for all
  transport modes

Source Organising Authorities Mission Statement
(UITP-2009)
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ORGANISING AUTHORITIES (OA)Structure/Distribution
of Tasks

• At different places institutional regulatory
  framework for
• public transport services varies.
• That is due to
• different perspectives of PT objectives
• different perspectives on how the objectives can
  be put into practice
• diverse institutional settings
• the unique history/actors
• different initial conditions of each local
  organisation
• different legal frameworks (market
  regulation/contractual arrangements)

Source Organising Authorities Mission Statement
(UITP-2009)
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ORGANISING AUTHORITIES Towards an integrated
mobility approach

• NEW TASKS/COMPETENCES
• Integration between land use urban planning
  with mobility and transport
• Traffic parking planning
• Planning and/or implementating measures aimed to
  reduce polluting emissions
• Execution of master plans as basic tools to
  developing an integrated and sustainable mobility
  per lo sviluppo di una mobilità integrata e
  sostenibile

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URBAN GOVERNANCE FORTHCOMING UITP EVENTS (I)

• 59 UITP WORLD CONGRESS
• Dubai (UAE), 10-14 April 2011
• N 2 Sessions are dedicated to the theme of Urban
  Governance
• Tuesday 12th April h. 0900-1030
• Session 8 Policy integration lone wolves
  wont get far
• Wednesday 13th April h. 1400-1530
• Session 19 Breaking ground for better mobility
  governance

Presentation of the document A VISION FOR
INTEGRATED URBAN MOBILITY SETTING UP YOUR
TRANSPORT AUTHORITY, prepared from the
Organising Authorities Committee of UITP
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URBAN GOVERNANCE FORTHCOMING UITP EVENTS (II)

• UITP INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
• Urban Governance Getting People on Board
• Innovative governance and demand management to
  achieve sustainable mobility in your cities
• Gothenburg (Sweden), 6-7th October 2011

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

masicla_at_tin.it