NORTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANS. Pavement Preservation

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NORTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANS. Pavement
Preservation
A strategic approach to managing transportation
infrastructure
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NORTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANS. Pavement
Preservation

• NDDOT Mission/Goals
• Background/Need
• Reasons
• Highway Investment Strategies
• Design Guidelines
• Statewide Safety Program

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NDDOT MISSION/GOALS

• NDDOT MISSION
• Provide a transportation system that safely moves
  people and goods.
• GOALS
• Enhance customer satisfaction
• Increase safety on North Dakotas transportation
  system and within the Department of
  transportation.
• Improve the quality and efficiency of North
  Dakotas transportation system and services.
• Enhance employee effectiveness and well-being.
• Strengthen stakeholder relationships.

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Background/Need

• 8411 centerline miles of roadway
• 70 of the vehicle miles traveled
• Interstate
• Interregional system
• 14.2 of the vehicle miles traveled
• State Corridor system

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Background/Need

• From 1989 to 2000, 2400 miles of the low load
  system has only received routine maintenance
• A number of these roads are still in fair
  condition
• Inadequate funding for major rehab or
  reconstruction of 2400 miles of roadway.

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Background/Need

• Survey said
• Improve ride
• Improve load carrying capacity
• 2006 PMS data
• 33 of the highway system is deficient in ride,
  distress or load carrying capacity.

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Background/Need

• The Right Treatment
• Apply correct treatment to extend the service
  life of the roadway
• Improve performance and safety
• To The Right Road
• PMS identify,
• DEs confirm
• At The Right Time
• Before there is significant pavement damage.

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NDDOT Highway Program

_at_! Rules
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Highway Performance Classification System
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HPCS Concepts

• 5 Systems with various levels of performance in
  areas of
• Ride Distress
• Load Capacity
• Access
• Allowable Work Types

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HPCS Categories

• Interstate
• Ride Distress Strive for an excellent Ride
• Load Capacity no load restrictions
• Access Controlled access
• Allowable Work Types all types of construction
  are typically allowed

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HPCS Categories

• Inter-regional System
• Similar performance as interstate except for
  controlled access
• Ride Distress Strive to maintain an excellent
  Ride
• Load Capacity Legal Weight (Year round)
• Access Sections may have partially controlled
  access
• Allowable Work Types all types of construction
  are typically allowed

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HPCS Categories

• State Corridor
• Ride Distress Strive to maintain a good to
  excellent
• Load Capacity No Load Restrictions
• Access no type of control is targeted
• On as needed basis for safety
• Shoulder type gravel except for higher volume
  NHS segments
• Allowable Work Types all types of construction
  are typically allowed

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HPCS Notes

• Interstate, Inter-regional State Corridors
• Have 52 of mileage
• Carry 84 of VMT
• Carry 84 of Truck VMT
• Carry 89 of the ESAL VMT

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HPCS Categories

• District Corridors
• Ride Distress Strive to maintain a Good Ride
• Load Restriction 8 Ton for NHS, 7 Ton (Spring
  ONLY) Non-NHS
• Access No access control level is targeted
• Shoulder Type gravel except for higher volume
  NHS routes
• Allowable Work Types primarily preventive
  maintenance or surface rehabilitation.

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HPCS Categories

• District Collector
• Ride Distress Strive to maintain a good Ride
• Load Restriction 7 Ton or 6 Ton (Spring ONLY)
• Access No access control level is targeted
• Shoulder Type - gravel
• Allowable Work Types primarily preventive
  maintenance or surface rehabilitation.
• Note These routes carry 2.5 of the ESAL VMT
  4.1 of VMT

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HPCS Legislative Backlog/Cost Analysis
Component Estimated Cost Pavements Ride
218 Million Distress 31.9
Million Load 138.8 Million Geometrics Should
er Widen 214.4 Million Widening for Overlays
22.7 Million Vertical Clearance Interstate
9.9 Million Non-Interstate 22.0 Million
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NDDOT Highway Program

_at_! Rules
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Investment Strategy

• Implemented in 1999, Revised 2007
• Intent of Program
• Change Prioritizing of Projects from Worst-First
  to a prioritization of candidates by Work-Type
• Create a Balanced Program by Work Type
• Create an optimal investment strategy

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Investment Strategy

• Optimal Funding
• Interstate System 45.0
• Interregional System 20.0
• State Corridor System 12.5
• District Corridor System 17.5
• District Collector System 5.0

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Investment Strategy

• Investment categories
• Interstate System
• Interregional System
• State Corridor, District Corridor, District
  Collector Systems

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Investment Strategy Contd.
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Types of Work

• PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
• The purpose of the Preventive Maintenance program
  is to protect the pavement structure, slow the
  rate of pavement deterioration and/or correct
  pavement surface deficiencies. Surface
  treatments used for preventive maintenance are
  targeted at pavement surface defects primarily
  caused by the environment and by the daily wear
  and tear of traffic. Structural deficiencies
  caused by traffic loading are not corrected by
  using these treatments.

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Types of Work

• Examples of Preventive Maintenance treatments
  are
• Crack Pouring,
• Route and Seal,
• Seal Coats,
• Micro-Surfacing,
• Asphalt Overlay 2 Max,
• Repair of depressed cracks,
• Minor CPR (lt 10 pavement surface area per mile),
  
• DBR
• Diamond Grinding,
• Pavement Marking,
• Painting Structures, etc.

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Types of Work

• MINOR REHABILITATION
• A planned strategy to extend the useful life of a
  highway by restoring the pavement structure
  without necessarily improving existing
  geometrics. The minor rehabilitation of roadways
  will use repair techniques designed to repair
  pavement distress areas primarily caused by the
  environment and by the daily wear and tear of
  traffic. A minor rehabilitation strategy will
  restore the load carrying capacity to its
  original condition.

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Types of Work

• Examples of Minor Rehabilitation treatments are
• Asphalt Overlay,
• Distress Area Repairs and Asphalt Overlay
• Mill Overlay,
• CIR,
• Minor sliver grading to correct inslope
• Bridge Approach Repair,
• Bridge Rail Repair,
• Deck Overlay,
• Guardrail, etc.

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Types of Work

• STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS
• A planned strategy to extend the useful life of a
  highway by restoring the pavement structure
  without necessarily improving existing
  geometrics. A structural improvement will
  increase the load carrying capacity to meet the
  HPCS guidelines.

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Types of Work

• Examples of Structural Improvement treatments
  are
• Asphalt Overlay in excess of 3,
• White topping

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Types of Work

• MAJOR REHABILITATION
• A planned strategy in which major work is
  performed to bring a highway up to an acceptable
  condition to extend the service life and provide
  operational improvements (i.e. adding turn
  lanes).

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Types of Work

• Examples of Major Rehabilitation treatments are
• Mine and Blend and HBP
• Full Depth Reclamation (FDR)
• Major Concrete Pavement Repair
• (gt 10 of the surface area per mile)
• Crack and Seat and HBP

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Types of Work

• NEW/RECONSTRUCTION
• Defined as a planned strategy in which a new road
  is constructed. This work may include work items
  such as relocating an existing route on new
  alignment, or completely removing the old
  pavement structure and restoring the roadbed and
  surfacing, or major widening on an existing
  roadway to increase traffic capacity (excludes
  realigning horizontal curves).

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NDDOT Highway Program

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Design Guidelines

• Signed by NDDOT and FHWA the week of March 19,
  2007.

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Design Guidelines

• Cover
• Design Guidelines
• Implementation plan
• Statewide Safety Program
• Implementation plan

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Design Guidelines

• Guidelines shown are recommended minimums,
  evaluate each project.
• Not to reduce widths
• District Corridor on NHS design to State Corridor
• Forecast Traffic volumes 10

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Design Guidelines

• Design Guidelines common to Preventive
  Maintenance, Minor Rehab
• Use current ADT
• Maintain existing
• Super elevation
• Driving Lane Cross slope
• Horizontal Curvature
• Vertical Curvature
• Safety issues are part of Statewide Safety
  Program unless there is an identified need.
• Roadway Width, Use appropriate width to meet
  NDDOT guidelines.

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Design Guidelines

• Design Guidelines common to Preventive
  Maintenance, Minor Rehab (Continue)
• ADA improvement will be considered and included
  in the Environmental Document
• Signage
• Should meet MUTCD if engineering judgment
  indicates
• One compliant device could cause driver confusion
• Replacement of whole series can be achieved
• Use posted speed limit

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Design Guidelines

• Minor Rehabilitation
• Inslope, If proposed inslope is lt 31 consider
  cost effective treatment. In fill sections where
  the inslope breaks to lt 31 outside the clear
  zone a 41 inslope should be used in the clear
  zone.
• Safety items, Safety hardware lt NCHRP 230
  standards upgrade to NCHRP 350 standards.

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Design Guidelines

• Structural Improvement
• ADT 20 year projection
• Super elevation Attempt to correct if cost
  effective
• Driving Lane Cross slopes
• HBP over Asphalt 2.1
• HBP over concrete 1.5 - 2.5
• Horizontal curve Sign deficient
• Vertical curve existing
• Clear Zone 20

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Design Guidelines

• Structural Improvement (continue)
• Roadway Shoulder Cross slopes
• HBP over Asphalt 8.0 Max.
• HBP over concrete, Non- Interstate 8.0 Max
• HBP over concrete, Interstate 6.0 Max
• Safety items, Safety hardware lt NCHRP 230
  standards upgrade to NCHRP 350 standards.
• Replace Mailbox supports
• ADA improvement will be considered and included
  in the Environmental Document
• Regulatory and warning signs and pavement
  markings to MUTCD

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation
• ADT 20 year projection
• Super elevations, Correct to NDDOT standards.
• Use posted speed limit
• Cross Slope, Driving lanes 1.5 - 2.5, Shoulder
  6 max.

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation (continued)
• Horizontal Curvature, Use existing, sign when
  less than posted speed. On State and
  Interregional Corridors with ADT gt750, if
  existing horizontal curvature is designed for
  less than 15 mph less than the posted speed make
  cost effective improvement or sign accordingly.

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation (continued)
• Interregional System
• Vertical Curvature, Maintain existing except when
  ADT gt 2000 then use stopping sight distance for
  crests and comfort for sag curves. Decision
  sight distance should be considered in areas
  where complex driver decisions are required such
  as intersections, overhead grade separations,
  lane drops or additions, etc. Passing areas
  should be provided at reasonable intervals based
  on terrain and traffic volumes. A rule of thumb
  would be a passing area every 3- 5 when the ADT lt
  2000 and every 3 miles when the ADT gt 2000.

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation (continued)
• State Corridor, District Corridor and Collector
• Vertical Curvature, ADT lt 2000, existing vertical
  curves should meet a design speed of no less than
  20 mph below the overall project design speed.
  ADT gt 2000 then use stopping sight distance for
  crest curve design and comfort curve design for
  sag curves. Passing areas should be provided at
  reasonable intervals based on terrain and traffic
  volumes. A rule of thumb would be a passing area
  every 3- 5 when the ADT lt 2000 and every 3 miles
  when the ADT gt 2000.

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation (continued)
• Clear Zone, Upgrade safety work to 20 clear zone
  except when ADT gt 2000 use AASHTO roadside design
  clear zone.
• Inslope, 41 minimum, on Interregional system gt
  2000 ADT a 61 inslope is desirable where grading
  or roadway widening is required.
• Pavement Slough, Use NDDOT shoulder treatment
  methods.
• Safety items, Upgrade safety hardware to meet
  NCHRP 350 standards.

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Design Guidelines

• Major Rehabilitation (continued)
• Regulatory and warning signs and pavement
  markings to MUTCD
• Perform crash analysis and address cost effective
  enhancements
• Safety items, Upgrade safety hardware to meet
  NCHRP 350 standards.

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Design Guidelines

• New/Reconstruction
• ADT 20 year projection
• Super elevations, Horizontal curves, clear zones
  pavement slough - AASHTO
• Use posted speed limit
• Cross Slope, Driving lanes 1.5 - 2.5, Shoulder
  6 max.
• Construct to AASHTO guidelines w/all safety work.
• Upgrade safety hardware to meet NCHRP 350
  standards.

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Design Guidelines

• New/Reconstruction (continue)
• Inslope
• Use 41
• Except 61 on Interregional system gt 2000 ADT and
  Interstate
• ADA will be addressed
• Regulatory and warning signs and pavement
  markings to MUTCD

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Design Guidelines

• New/Reconstruction (continue)
• Interregional System
• Vertical Curvature, Maintain existing except when
  ADT gt 2000 then use stopping sight distance for
  crests and comfort for sag curves. Decision
  sight distance should be considered in areas
  where complex driver decisions are required such
  as intersections, overhead grade separations,
  lane drops or additions, etc. Passing areas
  should be provided at reasonable intervals based
  on terrain and traffic volumes. A rule of thumb
  would be a passing area every 3- 5 when the ADT lt
  2000 and every 3 miles when the ADT gt 2000.

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Design Guidelines

• New/Reconstruction (continue)
• State Corridor, District Corridor and Collector
• Vertical Curvature, Use stopping sight distance
  for crest curve design and comfort curve design
  for sag curves. Passing areas should be provided
  at reasonable intervals based on terrain and
  traffic volumes. A rule of thumb would be a
  passing area every 3- 5 when the ADT lt 2000 and
  every 3 miles when the ADT gt 2000.

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Design Guidelines
Interstate 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Recon. AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO
Major Rehabilitation AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO
Structural Improvement Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex.
Minor Rehabilitation Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex.
PM Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex. Maint. Ex.
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Design Guidelines
Interregional 4 - lane 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Recon. AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO AASHTO
Major Rehabilitation 36 36 36 36 36
Structural Improvement 32 32 32 32 32
Minor Rehabilitation 32 32 32 32 32
PM 31 31 31 31 31
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Design Guidelines
Interregional 2 Lane 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Reconstruction 32 36 36 36 40
Major Rehabilitation 30 30 36 36 36
Structural Improvement 26 26 28 30 32
Minor Rehabilitation 26 26 28 30 32
PM 26 26 28 28 30
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Design Guidelines
State Corridor 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Reconstruction 32 36 36 36 40
Major Rehabilitation 28 28 32 36 36
Structural Improvement 24 24 28 28 32
Minor Rehabilitation 24 24 26 28 32
PM 24 24 26 26 28
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Design Guidelines
District Corridor 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Reconstruction 32 36 36 36 40
Major Rehabilitation 26 28 30 32 36
Structural Improvement 22 24 26 26 28
Minor Rehabilitation 22 24 26 26 28
PM 22 24 24 26 26
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Design Guidelines
District Collector 0-400 10 400-750 10 750-1500 10 1500-2000 10 2000
New / Reconstruction 32 36 36 36 40
Major Rehabilitation 26 26 28 30 30
Structural Improvement 22 22 24 26 26
Minor Rehabilitation 22 22 24 26 26
PM 22 22 24 26 26
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Design Guidelines (Shoulder and Slough)
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Statewide Safety Program

• STATEWIDE SAFETY PROGRAM
• Is a program that is being develop to help focus
  improvements in areas where there are identified
  needs. It is a comprehensive look at safety
  which will consist of four different types of
  analysis.
• The hope is to make safety improvements where
  they are needed or by feature type.

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Statewide Safety Program

• Statewide Safety program analysis consist of
• Critical Rate analysis
• High Crash Analysis
• Project level Analysis
• Strategic Highway Safety Plan

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Statewide Safety Program
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Statewide Safety Program
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Statewide Safety Program

• High Crash Analysis
• Yearly basis on the entire system
• Project Level Analysis (Structural Improvement,
  Major Rehabilitation, New Construction)
• Project review for cost effective counter
  measures or by engineering judgment determination
• Strategic Highway Safety Plan (Structural
  Improvement, Major Rehabilitation, New
  Construction)
• Project review for cost effective counter
  measures related to SHSP emphasis areas.

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Implementation Plan

• Effective March 26, 2007
• Scoping Document
• Identifies investment strategy
• Design Manual
• Will be updated
• On going project
• PCR complete do not implement

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Changes Coming/Clarifications

• www.dot.nd.gov/designmanual.html
• New Design Guidelines
• Guideline Revisions
• Revision Ex-Plan
• Bridge Widths
• 230-350 Guidance