Reading SOL Review

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Reading SOL Review
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Narrative Elements (SOL 4.4)

• The most important elements of a story are
  characters, setting, and plot. The narrative
  elements of a story work together. Changing one
  narrative element causes changes in the others.
  This results in a different story.
• Setting when and where the story takes place
• Tip Look for words such as in, on, or at that
  tell where the story takes place. Also, look for
  words that tell when the story takes place (time
  of day, season, etc.)
• Characters the people or animals in the story
• Tip Find the names of the most important
  characters in the story. Who does the talking
  and performs the action in the story?
• Plot what happens in the story--the sequence of
  actions or events
• (A plot usually contains a conflict, or problem,
  and a resolution, or the way the problem is
  solved.) The solution of a story's problem comes
  at the end of the story.

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Internet Activities Narrative Elements

• http//harcourtschool.com/activity/test_tutor/buil
  d19/grade3/skill14/index_pre.htm
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_zoo.asp?srctip218a.swfskillPlot
  20Development
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip126a.swfskillSi
  milarities202620Differences20in20Characters
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip127a.swfskillSi
  milarities202620Differences20in20Settings

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Video Clip Narrative Elements
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Drawing Conclusions/ Inferences (SOLs 4.4 4.5)

• Drawing conclusions or making inferences helps
  you understand information the author does not
  state directly. You can draw conclusions or make
  inferences using story information and your own
  knowledge. You might draw conclusions about the
  story setting, the character's traits, actions of
  the characters, and why the characters act as
  they do.
• EXAMPLE
• Judd likes the color blue.
• He says it gives him a peaceful feeling.
• Judd bought paint for his living room.
• What color paint do you think he bought?
• Since it doesnt SAY EXACTLY which color he
  bought, we have to make an INFERENCE or DRAW A
  CONCLUSION based on the information that weve
  been given. The clues include Judds favorite
  color and how it makes him feel. We can now INFER
  that Judd PROBABLY chose BLUE!

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Internet Activities Drawing Conclusions/
Inferences/ Predictions

• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip121a.swfskillIn
  ferences20About20Character20Traits
• http//www.quia.com/pop/89733.html
• http//www.quia.com/pop/89736.html
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip104a.swfskillWo
  rd20Meaning20From20Context

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Video Clip Inferences
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Figurative Language (SOL 4.4)

• A simile compares two things using words like or
  as.
• A metaphor suggests a similarity between two
  unlike things without using like or as.
• Sometimes an author describes animals or objects
  as if they have feelings or can do things that
  people can do. This is called personification.
• Example Wild sunflowers turned bright faces to
  the east, and occasional dust devils went
  spiraling off across the plain in merry abandon.
  The author has given the sunflowers and dust
  devils human qualities to show that this will be
  a happy place.
• An idiom is an expression whose meaning is
  different from the meaning of the individual
  words.
• Example
• Ramon lost his temper when he missed the bus.
• Janna's performance stole the spotlight.
• I made the cake from scratch.
• A hyperbole is a statement of exaggeration.
• Example
• The snow was piled in mountain-high drifts.

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Internet Activities Figurative Language

• http//www.funbrain.com/funbrain/idioms/
• http//www.readwritethink.org/materials/idioms/
• http//bugges.wcpss.net/Do20You20Know20What20I
  t20Means.htm
• http//www.quia.com/hm/80390.html
• http//languagearts.mrdonn.org/figurative.html
• http//www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-54_u-245_t-639_c-2369/
  simile-metaphor-idioms-personification-extended-me
  taphor/nsw/simile-metaphor-idioms-personification-
  extended-metaphor/skills-by-mode-reading-and-writi
  ng/required-skills-and-knowledge-language-features
  -and-techniques
• http//www.kidskonnect.com/subject-index/20-langua
  ge-arts/343-figurative-language.html
• http//www.gameclassroom.com/skill/3494/figurative
  -language-simile-metaphor-hyperbole-personificatio
  n

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Video Clip Figurative Language Simile, Metaphor,
Hyperbole
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Video Clip Figurative Language Simile,
Alliteration, Repetition
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Word Relationships(SOL 4.3)

• Synonyms are words that have similar, or almost
  the same meaning. Example closed and shut
• Antonyms have opposite meanings. Example in
  and out
• Homophones are words that sound the same but have
  different spellings and meanings.
• Example see ("to look") and sea ("the ocean")
• Homographs are words that have the same spelling
  but different meanings and pronunciations.
• Example close (Jane and Mark are close
  friends.)
• close (Please close the door.)
• Multiple-meaning words are spelled the same way,
  but have more than one meaning and sometimes
  different pronunciations.
• Use context clues to figure out which meaning is
  being used. The context (the way the word is
  used in a sentence) tells which meaning or
  pronunciation is being used.
• Example trunk ("elephant's nose") and trunk
  ("square storage case")
• Knowing how words are related can help you figure
  out unfamiliar words. Many words are related to
  other words. Related words may share a prefix,
  suffix, or root word.

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Internet Activities Word Relationships

• http//www.funbrain.com/whichword/index.html
• http//www.funbrain.com/roots/index.html
• http//www.primaryresources.co.uk/english/homophon
  es.htm
• http//www.quia.com/rr/186396.html
• http//www.quia.com/jg/1068781.html

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Video Clip Homophones
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Fact and Opinion(SOL 4.5)

• A fact is a statement that can be proven.
• Facts tell what is happening or what has
  happened. In non-fiction, a fact describes
  something that can be seen or that really
  occurred.
• An opinion tells how someone feels and cannot be
  proven.
• Opinions tell how the writer or speaker thinks or
  feels about something. Opinions may include
  words such as
• Should, must, and ought, or phrases such as "in
  my opinion", "I think", or "I believe." An
  opinion may also contain adjectives such as worst
  or best. A newspaper editorial, written to
  persuade, is nonfiction and mostly opinion. If an
  opinion seems to be right, that doesn't make it a
  fact. Even if many people agree with the author,
  the statement is still an opinion.

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Fact Opinion Video Clip
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Internet Activities Fact and Opinion

• http//www.quia.com/pop/12709.html
• http//cuip.uchicago.edu/www4teach/97/jlyman/defau
  lt/quiz/factopquiz.html

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Cause and Effect(SOL 4.5)

• A cause is why something happens.
• An effect is what happens because of another
  event, or as a result of a cause.
• Sometimes a signal word helps you to see the
  cause-and-effect relationship. Some signal words
  are so, because, if, and then.
• Example
• I got a new bike because I outgrew my old one.
• (EFFECT) (CAUSE)
• I outgrew my old bike, so I got a new one.
• (CAUSE) (EFFECT)
• Both sentences say THE SAME THING! Sometimes the
  cause is stated first and sometimes the effect is
  stated before the cause.

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Internet Activities Cause Effect

• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip129a.swfskillCa
  use202620Effect
• http//www.smccd.net/accounts/sevas/esl/gramcheck/
  8-7.html

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Summarize(SOLs 4.4, 4.5, 4.6)

• To summarize, you need to briefly retell the main
  idea and most important details of a selection.
  Use your own words and retell the events in the
  order in which they happened.
• Remember, the main idea is the most important
  idea in a paragraph, passage, or selection.
• Details tell more about the main idea. Details
  are pieces of information that tell more about
  the main idea. They answer questions such as
  who, where, when, what, and how.

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Video Clip Summarizing
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Nonfiction Text Structure/Locating Information
(SOL 4.5)
Nonfiction books are factual. Your science and
social studies books are nonfiction. Weekly
Readers are also nonfiction. Tables. graphs,
charts, cutaways, labels, headings, venn
diagrams, captions, indexes, glossaries, table of
contents, and other graphic aids can help you
better understand important nonfiction material.
Please review these important nonfiction
conventions Label Identifies parts of
something. Heading Title of a section, page, or
chapter. Cutaway Part of an illustration moved
so you can see the inside. Graph Picture type
diagram of data. Caption Words located under a
picture describing what its about. Index
Alphabetical list of topics at the back of a book
with page numbers. Glossary List of terms and
definitions at the back of a book. Table of
Contents The part of a book that lists the
chapters and the page number where the chapters
begin. Venn Diagram Two interlocking circles
that is used to help us see how two things are
alike and different. Table/Chart A set of data
in a box-like format that can be read to learn
about facts, numbers, etc
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Internet Activities Nonfiction Text Structure/
Locating Information

• http//www.quia.com/cm/92637.html
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip115a.swfskillRe
  ading20Maps20and20Charts
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_zoo.asp?srctip216a.swfskillUsin
  g20Photos
• http//library.thinkquest.org/5002/Basic/ficnf.htm
  
• http//www.factmonster.com/
• http//www.readwritethink.org/materials/hints-on-p
  rint/index.html

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Nonfiction Powerpoint
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Video Clip Fiction Vs. Nonfiction
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Video Clip Parts of a Book
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Compare/Contrast(SOL 4.4, 4.5)

• Compare tell how things are alike
• Contrast tell how things are different
• To compare, look for clues that tell how things
  are alike. This means to look for similarities,
  or what two things have in common.
• To contrast, look for clues that tell how things
  are different, or differences.
• When writers compare things, they may use words
  such as also, both, and too.
• Venn Diagrams are very useful tools for comparing
  and contrasting.
• When writers contrast things, they may use words
  such as but, instead, and although.

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Internet Activities Compare/Contrast

• http//www.sdcoe.k12.ca.us/score/actbank/tvenn.htm
  
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/6gr/en/skills_r
  eview_popup.asp
• (click on compare and contrast links)

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Venn Diagram Video Clip
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Sequence(SOLs 4.4 4.5)

• The sequence of events tells what happens first,
  next, and last in a story.
• Sequence is the order in which events happen.
• An author may use signal words such as first,
  next, then, finally, afternoon, later, or
  tomorrow to show sequence.
• Sometimes other words or phrases tell about time.
  Dates can also help readers understand time.
• Keep track of the sequence of events to help you
  understand what you read. Sometimes the clues to
  a sequence of events are not stated, but you can
  use your knowledge to identify the order.

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Internet Activities Sequence

• http//www.funbrain.com/order/index.html
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_zoo.asp?srctip209a.swfskillChro
  nological20Order
• http//www.quia.com/pp/1298.html
• http//www.quia.com/pp/1308.html
• http//www.quia.com/pp/1312.html
• http//www.quia.com/pages/sequencingfun.html

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Sequence and Story Elements Video Clip
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Main Idea(SOLs 4.4 4.5)
The main idea is the most important idea in a
paragraph, passage, or selection. The main idea
of a selection is what it is mostly about.
Sometimes the main idea is stated at the end or
it may not be stated at all. If a main idea is
not stated in a sentence or title, a reader must
look for details such as clues to figure out the
main idea. Details tell more about the main
idea. Details are pieces of information that
tell more about the main idea. They answer
questions such as who, where, when, what, and
how. The details give information to explain and
support the main idea.
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Internet Activities Main Idea

• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_zoo.asp?srctip208a.swfskillSign
  ificant20and20Minor20Details
• http//harcourtschool.com/activity/book_buddy/rosi
  e/skill_pre.html
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip105a.swfskillMa
  in20Idea
• http//www.manatee.k12.fl.us/sites/elementary/palm
  asola/psmain.htm

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Video Clip Main Idea
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Video Clip Main Idea
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Authors Purpose(SOL 4.4)

• Every author has a reason, or purpose, for
  writing.
• Author's purpose to entertain, to inform, to
  persuade, to give instructions
• An author may have more than one purpose.
• A paragraphs title should reflect the authors
  purpose.
• 3 main reasons
• Entertain- tell a story to give readers
  enjoyment or amusement
• An author who wants to entertain will often use
  sequence to tell the story events in order.
• Inform- to explain or give information
• An author who wants to inform may use main idea
  and details to tell the information.
• Persuade- convince readers to do or believe
  something
• An author who wants to persuade usually will give
  reasons and details to support his or her
  opinion.

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Internet Activities Authors Purpose

• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_zoo.asp?srctip210a.swfskillAuth
  or's20Purpose
• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/4gr/en/tipslist
  er/question_tip_space.asp?srctip111a.swfskillAu
  thor's20Use20of20Persuasion

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Video Clip Authors Purpose
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Prefixes and Suffixes(SOL 4.3)

• Prefixes are word parts that come before a word
  that change the meaning of the word.
• in- not
• re- again
• over- too much
• un- not
• dis- opposite
• non- not
• mis- wrong
• pre- before
• Suffixes are word parts at the end of a word that
  change the meaning of the word.
• -ful full of
• -ment state of
• -able able to
• ly in a way that is
• -ous full of
• -ness the act of
• -less without
• -er one who does

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Video Clip Prefixes Suffixes
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Internet Activities

• http//www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/5_6/fishtank
  s1/fishtanks1.htm
• http//www.harcourtschool.com/activity/book_buddy/
  arthur/skill.html
• http//www.funbrain.com/roots/index.html
• http//www.northcanton.sparcc.org/elem/interactiv
  ities/prefixcatch/prefixcatch_sr_content.html
• http//www.oswego.org/ocsd-web/match/dragflip.asp?
  filenamejwildesuffix

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Research Skills(SOL 4.6)

• Knowing which source is best to consult when
  researching a topic is very important. You should
  be able to recognize the following sources of
  information
• Dictionary a book arranged alphabetically that
  gives definitions, pronunciations, and parts of
  speech
• Thesaurus a book arranged alphabetically that
  gives synonyms and sometimes antonyms for words.
• Atlas/Globe a book of maps or a round
  representation of the Earth.
• Almanac A book of facts, charts, weather
  information, famous people, etc
• Encyclopedia A set of books in volumes arranged
  alphabetically that provide information on a wide
  range of topics.
• Internet/Online Sources Websites on every topic
  imaginable are available on the internet.
  Internet safety is extremely important. Search
  engines such as Google help you find web-sites
  that will help you with your research. Always
  check several sources to make sure you get the
  right information.

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Video Clip Reference Guides
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(8) Context Clues(SOL 4.3)

• You can often figure out the meaning of
  unfamiliar words by looking for context clues in
  a sentence or a group of sentences.
• Read the following
• One day when Louis was only three, he grabbed his
  fathers awl. The boy tried to use the awl to
  punch a hole in some leather.
• You can use context clues to figure out the
  meaning of awl. The word grabbed is a context
  clue. It tells you that an awl can be held. Now
  look at the phrase punch a hole. It suggests that
  an awl is a tool that someone uses to punch holes
  in leather.
• Look for
• Words related to the word
• Words that mean the same
• Words that mean the opposite
• The location or the setting
• What the word is used for
• What the word is like or not like

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Context Clues Tips

• Look for words that mean the same
• Look for the location or setting
• Look for what the word is used for
• Look for what the word is not like
• Look for what the word is like
• Look for words that mean the opposite
• Look for words related to the word
• Look for how something is done
• Look for what kind of thing the word is

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Video Clip Context Clues
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Internet Activities

• http//www.manatee.k12.fl.us/sites/elementary/samo
  set/ccdirect.htm
• http//www.sadlier-oxford.com/phonics/5_6/cows/cow
  s.htm
• http//www.dowlingcentral.com/MrsD/quizzes/vocab/c
  ontextclues.htm
• http//www.quia.com/pop/35971.html?AP_rand9689199
  01
• http//www.quia.com/rr/151544.html

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GENRES (Types of Stories)

• Realistic Fiction fictional story that is made
  up with characters and plot that could be real,
  but arent.
• Historical Fiction fictional story that has some
  tie to a historical period. It may have some real
  characters, but there are some elements of the
  story that are made-up.
• Fairy Tale usually involves good vs. evil, a
  princess who gets rescued, a knight in shining
  armor, and other imaginary plots.
• Fable short, tale that often has a moral or
  lesson to teach.
• Fantasy imaginary stories, that deals with
  unrealistic events such as talking animals or
  unicorns.
• Tall Tale a fictional story of characters who do
  larger than life things with exaggeration and
  dialect.
• Biography a nonfiction book giving an account of
  a real persons life written by another person.
• Autobiography a nonfiction book giving an
  account of a real persons life written by that
  person him/herself.
• Science Fiction an imaginary story set usually
  in the future that deals with space, robots,
  and/or futuristic activities.
• Folk Tale a story from another country or
  culture. They often try to explain why things
  happen in nature, and can sometimes try to teach
  a lesson.
• Nonfiction factual writing. Science, history,
  biographies, and textbooks are all types of
  nonfiction.
• Mystery fictional stories that solve a crime or
  lead the reader in suspense to a conclusion.
• Poetry sensory writing to express feelings and
  thoughts, sometimes rhyming but other times in
  free verse.

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Review of many skills

• http//www.fcatexplorer.com/parent/6gr/en/skills_r
  eview_popup.asp
• http//www.internet4classrooms.com/skills-4th-lang
  builders.htm
• http//www.readingupgrade.com/cu/demo.htm