Current Electric Transmission Facts:

1
Potential Economic Benefits of Configuring
Superconducting Technologies in the Florida
Grid EUCAS 2003 supported by the US Office of
Naval Research
Tim Lynch Justin Schwartz Center for Advanced
Power Systems (CAPS) Florida State University -
Tallahassee, Florida
2
Outline

• Center for Advanced Power Systems
• Electrical grid problems
• Superconducting technologies potential
  benefits
• Case study Potential value of Superconducting
  technologies to Florida

3
Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida
State University

• Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) is an
  outgrowth from the National High Magnetic Field
  Laboratory
• Established 2001 Occupied new building in
  January 2003
• Mission is RD and Systems Engineering of new
  technologies for electric power systems
• Real-time simulations with hardware-in-the-loop
• Systems testing development (AMSC motor LTS
  SMES, HTS transformer)
• Critical materials RD for systems (e.g., AC
  losses and electromechanical behavior of HTS
  materials)
• Primary funding from Office of Naval Research for
  all-electric ship program

4
Assessing the Problem

• Demand for electricity has increased
  significantly and will continue into the future.
• US and Florida electricity infrastructure needs
  modernization.
• Deregulation has slowed transmission investment
  across the US.
• The result is congestion and a growing number of
  costly blackouts.

5
Historical Projected World Energy Usage
Population
From Electricity Technology Roadmap 1999
Summary and Synthesis, (1999).
6
2003 North East BlackoutOOPS!!
7
What was the cost of the great 2003 North East
Blackout?

• Initial estimates suggest that total costs
  exceed 6 to 30 billion
• (Includes individual business losses)
• Ref Associated Press Aug 20, 2003

8
Under-investment in the US Electric Transmission
Grid

• Attention to future needs of the US grid is
  insufficient
• 94 of outages attributed to poor distribution
• Demand estimated to increase by 9 through 2004
  only a 3 transmission increase is planned
• No major new investments in the last 15 years
• Majority of transmission lines are over 20 years
  old
• Average transmission project payback is 28.5 year
• 2 billion annually spent on new transmission
  lines in 1998 down by 33 from 1990
• Source Edison Electric Institute

9
What Types of Superconducting Equipment Can Help
Us?

• Underground transmission cables
• Fault current limiters
• Transformers
• Motors
• SMES, Generators, etc.

10
Expected Benefits of Superconducting Power
Equipment

• Decreased equipment size and weight ? drives
  interest in the US Navy
• Improved stability, reliability, and power
  quality, efficiency ? deferred investment in new
  electricity generation plant
• Flexible electricity dispatch and load management
• Increased power transmission over existing
  rights-of-way
• Removal of existing pollution factors including
  soil and water contamination from oil leaks
  decreased emission
• Other

11
Civilian Impact of CAPS Superconductivity
Applications

• Utilities
• Higher density transmission uses higher
  economic productivity
• Reduced environmental impact
• Industrial
• More cost effective industrial processes
• Manufacturing energy production
• Electrical storage, transmission and expansion
• Transportation
• More cost effective electrical transportation
• High Speed Rail MAGLEV technologies
• Electric car / bus
• Ship

12
Advantages of Superconducting Underground
Transmission Cables

• 1.4 acres per mile right of way versus 14 acres
  for conventional cable
• No property devaluation
• No environmental degradation
• Larger current with lower resistive losses
• Fewer citizen resistance protests

13
Advantages of Superconducting Fault Current
Limiters

• Detects surges of power and redirects it to
  superconducting coils where it is absorbed at a
  considerably higher ratio than non
  superconducting controllers
• Requires minimal maintenance
• Allows utilities to increase line power capacity

14
Advantages of Superconducting Transformers

• 30 reduction in total losses
• 45 reduction in weight
• 20 reduction in cost of ownership
• Extended overload capacity
• No fire or environmental problems associated with
  insulating oil
• These advantages are based on a 100 MVA
  transformer with HTS wire providing a critical
  current density of 10 kA/cm2 and AC losses of
  0.25 mW/A-m in a parallel field of 0.1 tesla.
  Source ASI,2003.

15
Advantages of Superconducting Motors

• Increased machine efficiency
• As much as 50 reduction in total losses
• Smaller in size
• Lower life cycle costs

16
Benefits of Superconducting Magnetic Energy
Storage (SMES)

• High Performance
• Improved Power Quality
• Ease of Installation
• Flexibility
• Lower Cost Option

17
Growth in Florida Electrical Transmission Line
Miles and Statewide Costs
Cost
Line Miles
18
Florida Transmission Grid 115 230 500 kV
Lines
19
Potential Superconducting Technologies Economic
Gains to the Florida and US Economy

• Potential for greater economic productivity from
  investing in HTS in the Florida grid.
• Total economic losses from the North East Black
  out losses from lack of investments in the
  grid.

20
Results of Growth in Economic Productivity from
Use of Superconducting Technologies in Florida

• Net annual employment increase of 9,889, for 2006
  through 2025 (With the 2.5 growth rate).
• Florida GRP will annually increase by 500
  million for 2006 through 2025.
• Real disposable income will annually increase by
  300 million for 2006 through 2025.
• Source CEFA/FSU, Governors 2020 Energy Task
  Force Report (see www.cefa.fsu.edu)

21
Estimated Economic Losses from the North East
Blackout Simulated for the US Electrical Grid and
Economy

• Loss in employment of 763,188 jobs.
• Drop in wages and other earnings of 32.5
  billion.
• Reduction in Gross Regional Product of 52
  billion.
• Simulated with the IMPLAN Economic Impact
  Model, CEFA/FSU, Sept 2003)

22
Conclusions

• Shortfalls in investment in the US electrical
  grid result in very costly economic and other
  losses.
• CAPS research on Superconducting technologies
  hold considerable promise for commercial
  applications.
• Deployment of these technologies hold promise to
• Increase economic productivity
• Reduce economic disruption and associated
  economic and other losses regionally and
  nationally.