Defence Standards Portfolio

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Defence Standards Portfolio

• Terry Leaver
• Head of Standards Programme Management

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Topics

• Why do we have Defence Standards?
• A word from our sponsors
• Defence Standard 05-129 Contractors on Deployed
  Operations (CONDO) Procedures and Requirements
• Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6 Electrical Power
  Supply Systems Below 650 Volts Part 6 28 Volt DC
  Electrical Systems in Military Vehicles
• Defence Standard 08-6 Counter-Surveillance
  Requirements (Presented by Simon Hutton THALES)
• Questions

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Standards Programme Management Branch (SPM)
SPM 1 Tel [phone] Chemical Chemical
Specialities Propellants High
Explosives Initiatory Pyrotechnic
Materials Chemical Defence Material Chemical
Hardening NBC Protection Packaging Associated
Packaging Material
SPM 5 Tel [phone] Design Requirements for
Service Aircraft including Airworthiness Product
Data Definition Quality Assurance Configuration
Management Coatings Coating Removers (inc. NATO
WG) Sampling Ordnance Proofing (PPSC
Member) Procedural Standards (inc. CONDO, Safety
etc) Asset Management
SPM 2 0141 224 2538 Electrical/Electronic
Defence Standards Batteries Fuel Cells, Cables
Connectors, Electromagnetic Environment, Safe
Systems of Work Test Equipment
SPM 6 Tel [phone] Defence Ammunition
Ammunition Marking Reliability
Maintainability Environmental Handbook for
Defence Material Design Requirements for Weapons
Systems Nuclear Weapons Explosions, Effects
Hardening
T R Leaver Head of SPM Tel [phone] email
tes-dstan-spm_at_dpa.mod.uk
SPM 3 Tel [phone] Fuels, Oils
Lubricants Fuel Handling Equipment Fire Fighting
Equipment Extinguishants Rubbers, Plastics
Adhesives Gases, Hoses Textiles Geospatial and
Temporal Systems (Maritime)
SPM 7 Tel [phone] Harmonization of the
Mechanical ex-Naval Engineering Standards and Sea
Systems Publications (SSPs) into the Defence
Standards Portfolio. Focal point for the
maintenance and publication of the Naval Defence
Standards Status Board
SPM 8 Tel [phone] Harmonization of the
Constructive ex-Naval Engineering Standards and
Sea Systems Publications (SSPs) into the Defence
Standards Portfolio. Focal point for the
International Maritime dual standards programme
SPM 4 Tel [phone] Metallurgical
Specifications Corrosion Protection Human
Factors Integration Vehicles Integrated Logistic
Support NATO Vehicles Standards Committees
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Why do we have Defence Standards?

• We dont have a Defence Standard if theres a
  suitable National or International standard
  available that fulfils the Service requirement.

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Why do we have Defence Standards?
The advantage may be operational e.g. NATO
compatibility and interoperability, or logistics
e.g. leading to the rationalization of products
or processes and more economic procurement.
Reduce the likelihood of dependence on specific
vendors STANAG 1414 Guidelines to Ensure That
Contractors Design and Supply New Equipment
Capable of Using Standardized Fuels, Lubricants
and Associated Products
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Developments in the Defence Standards Portfolio

• Defence Standard 05-129
• Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6
• Defence Standard 08-6 (Presented by Simon Hutton
  THALES)

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Defence Standard 05-129
Defence Standard Number Def Stan 05-129 Issue
3 Contractors on Deployed Operations
(CONDO) Procedures and Requirements
CONDO applies to all contractors including all
subcontractors and their personnel who are
deployed into a Joint Operations Area or Theatre
of Operation to provide commercial services to
deployed operations and exercises under a range
of discrete contracts, as well as the commercial
services.
SPM Desk Officer Glen Cook Tel [phone]
2548 Email tes-dstan-spm5_at_dpa.mod.uk
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Defence Standard 05-129

• Is the bible for IPT Contract Sponsors a
  guide on how contract sponsors can deploy
  Contractors effectively into theatre where DEFCON
  697 is laid down in a Contract

Contractors on Deployed Operations
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Defence Standard 05-129

• Guidance on
• Authority to Deploy process (including CONDO
  forms)
• Medical Guidance cannot be mandated
• Suggested Training guidance modules (10 - not
  mandated)
• Responsibilities of Contract Sponsor and
  Contractor
• It does not cover every potential operating issue
  that may arise in theatre
• Does not ensure MOD is legally accountable for
  Contractors deploying

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Defence Standard 05-129
Benefits

• Supports policy JSP 567 Contractor Support to
  Operations AND DEFCON 697 a mandatory condition
  that has to feature in all Contracts where
  Contractors may deploy
• Contractors are mounted into theatre effectively
  (clear audit trail)
• Assists the process in answering PQs received by
  the CONDO Mounting Cell (CMC) and PJHQ
• Contract Sponsors and Contractors have an idea of
  what to expect thus making their roles easier
• Guidance only Annexes on Medical and Training
  NOT mandatory

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Authority to Deploy Process
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Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6
Defence Standard Number Def Stan 61-5 Pt 6
Electrical Power Supply Systems Below 650
Volts Part 6 28 Volt DC Electrical Systems in
Military Vehicles
The review of Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6 its
effect on the front line
SPM Desk Officer Calum Sim Tel [phone]
2538 Email tes-dstan-spm2_at_dpa.mod.uk
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Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6
The Defence Standard has been updated and
re-written since its last issue which was based
upon the requirements for a Chieftain tank.
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Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6
The Sponsor is the Force Protection IPT. The
revision to the Standard mandates tighter
controls on the power distribution systems on
vehicles (platforms) and on the equipments to be
fitted to those platforms (Comms, Force
Protection etc)
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Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6

• The Standard was required to address
  interoperability problems between platforms and
  equipments, such as
• Cables getting too hot, and in one case, catching
  fire
• Platforms not being able to supply sufficient
  power for its loads when being driven under
  certain conditions, i.e. platform driven up hill
  not able to adequately supply load
• Equipments being switched on causing other
  equipments to switch off.

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Defence Standard 61-5 Pt 6
The Standard takes into account developments in
technology for 12 and 24V systems and it is
envisaged that another version will be required
to cover higher voltage, (up to 1000V), platform
systems, such as used in hybrid platforms to
support future programmes such as FRES, Martlet
and OUVS. The effect on the front line is
improved interoperability and availability.
Current procurements should not suffer these
problems.
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Typical Thermal Image
Defence Standard 08-6
Def Stan 08-6 Counter-Surveillance Requirements
Defence Standard Number
The review of Defence Standard 08-6 its
implementation in equipments for the front line
SPM Desk Officer Colin Paget Tel [phone]
2495 Email tes-dstan-spm6_at_dpa.mod.uk
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Why DEFSTAN 08-6 Is Good For Your StealthSimon
HuttonThales Land Joint Systems
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Contents

• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?

• DEFSTAN 08-6 addresses counter-surveillance
  requirements to be incorporated in all future
  land vehicle equipment to be procured by UK MOD
• Standard entitled Counter-Surveillance
  Requirements because focus is in minimising risk
  of platforms being detected by threat
  surveillance assets a situation which could
  result in platforms being targeted or commanders
  intentions being revealed
• Standard addresses main wavebands of visual, near
  infra-red, thermal and radar, and seeks to aid in
  minimising risk of detection by full range of
  threat sensors from unaided eye or ear through to
  advanced radar or seeker systems
• Standard recently updated to address wider
  integrated survivability context of signature
  management or stealth and how to design to be
  stealthy
• DEFSTAN 08-6 deals with stealth

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Contents

• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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What Is Stealth? (1)

• Stealth is movement that is quiet and careful in
  order not to be seen or heard
• Counter-surveillance is part of British Army
  doctrine, and designing for stealth enhances
  ability of platforms and units to operate in a
  stealthy way
• Stealth requires target to blend in with
  background

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What Is Stealth? (2)

• For air targets, sky is empty so high levels of
  signature reduction required
• For land platforms, background cluttered, hence
  no need to reduce signature to minimum. Stealth
  achievable with modest reductions in signature
  through simple design changes
• Stealth depends not only on objects setting, but
  on sensors used stealth bomber that is
  invisible to radar is still visible to naked
  eye and audible
• Example object concealed at visible wavelengths
  can be seen at infra-red wavelengths
• Ultimate aim of military vehicle stealth is to
  ensure invisibility not only in all settings but
  for all sensors, simultaneously

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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Why Is Stealth Important?

• Answer Because someone is trying to kill you!
• Kill chain describes sequence of events from
  initial detection to fatality
• The longer you leave it, the harder it is to stop
• Each stage of kill chain harder to counter than
  preceding one. Therefore invest effort in
  tackling first stage avoiding detection

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Surviving The Kill Chain Using Stealth

• Kill Chain Benefit of Signature Control
• Dont be detected Reduce signature to blend
  into background
• Dont be identified Remove target-like
  features
• Dont be hit Low, bland signature reduces
  ability to track and makes weapon
  seduction more possible
• Dont be penetrated Stealth makes aim point
  refinement more difficult

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What Can Happen If Stealth Is Ignored?

• What really lies at the centre of a
  survivability onion...
• Stealth is clearly important. This is why it has
  its own defence standard

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?

• DEFSTAN 08-6 consists of five separate documents
• Part No 1 Overview
• Unclassified. Provides overview of subsequent
  four parts of standard
• Part No 2 Acoustic Aspects
• Restricted. Relates to vehicles being heard
• Part No 3 Visual and Near Infra-Red Aspects
• Restricted. Relates to vehicles being seen
• Part No 4 Thermal and Intermediate Infra-Red
  Aspects
• Restricted. Relates to vehicles being detected by
  their heat signature
• Part No 5 Radar Aspects
• Restricted. Relates to vehicles being detected by
  their radar return
• DEFSTAN 08-6 currently at Issue 2
• Thales Land Joint Systems leads consortium of
  companies (including MIRA, SC Thermofluids and
  Thales Optronics) that worked with DSTL (the
  technical authority) in providing up-issue from
  Issue 1

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?

• Provides vehicle requirements managers, designers
  and operators with information and targets to aid
  implementation of stealth in their vehicles
• Provides guidance on trials methods to
  characterise signatures
• Provides hints on how to optimise design for
  improved stealth
• Key factor is vehicle groups vehicles
  classified by type and role
• For each waveband, signature levels specified for
  each group
• Selecting group and applying requirements for
  that group ensures balanced signature levels
  across all wavebands
• Significant signature reductions achievable
  without over-specifying requirement

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Use Of DEFSTAN 08-6

• Applies to all land vehicles including armoured
  vehicles and tactical support vehicles. Also
  applies to engineer equipment, generators,
  communication vehicles, ground stations etc
• Should be called up in URD, which should specify
  which group equipment falls in
• SRD should provide additional information
  including specific details on technical and
  trials requirements
• Number of demonstrator platforms have been built
  that demonstrate stealthy design is practical and
  has little or no impact on other equipment
  capabilities
• Significant benefits in terms of reduced
  signatures achievable through good design
  practice, with little or no penalty in weight or
  cost
• Important that stealth and requirements of
  DEFSTAN 08-6 are considered from start of
  project and addressed and assessed throughout
  design process
• Retrofit of appliqué solutions and materials once
  design is mature is generally not cost-effective

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DEFSTAN 08-6 And The Engineering Lifecycle
Acceptance Criteria Set by DSTL
Technical Authority (DSTL) Consulted
DEFSTAN 08-6 Applied to Procurement
Design Discussions
Signature Modelling
Initial Design
Signature Measurements
Design Refinement
Prototype
Acceptance Trials
Acceptance Trials Reporting
Delivery of Equipment
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Design Hints For Improved Stealth

• Acoustic
• structural design
• exhaust silencers
• equipment mounting
• Visual
• camouflage
• silhouette and shape
• control of light emissions
• Thermal
• layout
• shields
• materials
• Radar
• shaping
• materials

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Design Hints For Improved Stealth Visual
Example (1)

• In visual case, factors that cause contrast are
• Differences in light level between object and
  background
• Differences in colour between object and
  background
• Differences in texture between object and
  background

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Design Hints For Improved Stealth Visual
Example (2)

• Object is brighter than background, therefore
  producing contrast and making itself observable

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Design Hints For Improved Stealth Visual
Example (3)

• Better...
• But object colour is very different from
  background, therefore producing contrast and
  making itself observable

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Design Hints For Improved Stealth Visual
Example (4)

• Better...
• But object texture is very different from
  background, therefore producing contrast and
  making itself observable

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Design Hints For Improved Stealth Visual
Example (5)

• Object is stealthy at least visually because
  it is well-matched to its background
• There is minimal contrast in terms of
• Light level
• Colour
• Texture

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Design Or Retrofit?

• The earlier stealth measures are included in
  design, the more control we have over them
• Best stealth is stealth by design

• Stealth by Design
• Cost
• CAD models cheap to modify
• Weight increase can be reduced through careful
  design
• Maintainability
• Signature Balancing
• Modelling at design stage can catch sub-optimal
  aspects of signature reduction

• Stealth by Retrofitting
• Cost
• Retrofitting a fleet of vehicles with palliative
  measures can be very expensive
• Significant additional weight
• Signature Balancing
• Palliative measures applied to address one
  signature can raise other signatures

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?

• DEFSTAN 08-6 applies to everyone up to and
  including final user but focus must be on those
  who specify a vehicles initial requirements
• Better for equipment performance and
  cost-effectiveness to implement stealth measures
  early on in engineering lifecycle
• Retrofit measures such as shrouding of ducts or
  reinforcement of panels add both cost and weight
  to a vehicle, and can reduce operational
  effectiveness
• Best stealth is stealth by design
• Requirements of DEFSTAN 08-6 should not be traded
  out in favour of other functional and performance
  requirements in effort to beat down vehicle
  design and development costs
• Stealth may not seem important on drawing board,
  but in field it can mean difference between life
  and death
• It takes a lot to hide a vehicle and only one
  small thing to give it away. Everyone must buy
  into what DEFSTAN 08-6 is aiming to achieve, and
  keep stealth in mind

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• DEFSTAN 08-6 What Is It?
• What Is Stealth?
• Why Is Stealth Important?
• What Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Look Like?
• How Does DEFSTAN 08-6 Help?
• Who Should Use DEFSTAN 08-6?
• What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

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What If Theres Something I Dont Understand?

• If theres something you dont understand, ask
• Revised DEFSTAN 08-6 intended to be more
  comprehensive and easier to use than previous
  issue
• Guidance may still be required on interpretation
  and use of standard or on how its requirements
  can be met
• DSTAN is obvious first port of call and DSTL can
  provide guidance on specifying requirements
• Thales Land Joint Systems and its consortium
  partners are well placed to advise in difficult
  cases

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• Questions

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Contact Details
T R Leaver Head of Standards Programme
Management Mil 94561 2595 Tel [phone]
2595 email tes-dstan-spm_at_dpa.mod.uk