TANZANIA GENDER NETWORKING PROGRAMME (TGNP) A CASE STUDY ON STRATEGIES FOR GENDER BUDGETING IN TANZANIA

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TANZANIA GENDER NETWORKING PROGRAMME (TGNP)A
CASE STUDY ON STRATEGIES FORGENDER BUDGETING IN
TANZANIA

• INITIATIVE FOR TRANSFORMING AND
• MAINSTREAMING GENDER INTO NATIONAL PLANNING AND
  BUDGETING
• PROCESSES MACRO-ECONOMIC
• POLICIES IN TANZANIA
• By Usu Mallya
• usu.mallya_at_tgnp.org

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1.0 INTRODUCTION-WHO ARE WE?

• TGNP is a NGO registered in 1992 effectively
  operative since 1993.
• Engaged in womens empowerment/human rights
  advocacy through promotion of social
  transformation and gender equity and equality
• Strategies include animation and action oriented
  participatory research , coalition building
  networking, outreach, policy analysis advocacy,
  collective action, capacity building, information
  generation and dissemination

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1.0 INTRODUCTION-WHO ARE WE?

• The above activities are operationalised through
  four sub programmes
• Gender Training Institute (GTI),
• Feminist Information Centre (FIC)
• Activism, Lobbying and Advocacy (ALC)
• Analysis Research and Publications (ARP)
• TGNPs partners are mainly like-minded
  organisations, individuals and various social
  groups in the country and beyond

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1.0 INTRODUCTION-WHO ARE WE?

• Catalysed and facilitation of mechanisms for
  engagement Fem Act , IGNs and fora Gender and
  Development Seminar Series (GDSS), Gender
  Festival (GF)
• Currently TGNP is undergoing extensive
  transformation within its own programmes to allow
  for more feminists oriented approaches and
  outcomes

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2.0 TGNP experiences in Gender Responsive
Budgeting Work /Rationale

• The Gender Budgeting Initiative in Tanzania began
  in 1997 as an NGO process a lobbying initiative
  developed as part of TGNPs and Feminist Activism
  Coalition (Fem Act) vision of influencing the
  conceptual paradigms, particularly among policy
  makers, economists, statisticians and researchers
  to adopt more progressiveness and gender
  approaches

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2.0 TGNP experiences in Gender Responsive
Budgeting Work /Rationale

• Part of its broader campaign towards holding
  government (and donors) accountable for pro-poor
  and gender equality policy impacts
• Context then/now structural adjustment,
  liberalization, open market, conditionality
• Results massive layoffs decrease of pro-poor
  govt budgeting focus- less to social sectors,
  priority to private sector promotion,

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2.0 TGNP experiences in Gender Responsive
Budgeting Work /Rationale

• increased donor dependency debt levels
  ..poverty worsening class ,age, rural and gender
  dimensions
• CSO/citizen serious marginalisation from
  policymaking and budgetary processes- Not part of
  discussions around SAP neither consulted
  effectively to provide feedback on the negative
  impacts.

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3.0 Gender Responsive Budgeting Objectives

• To strengthen consensus building, collective
  action and lobbying and advocacy skills for
  women/gender and human rights groups as regards
  to gender equity and equality and transformation
  in policy and budgeting process.
• Broadening participation in policy-making and
  their exposure to management structures of public
  resources.

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3.1 Gender Budgeting Strategies adopted

• Adopted holistic approach macro /micro inter
  linkages and impact.i.e mainstreaming of gender
  equality and CSOs perspectives in the national
  budgetary processes, while linking with broader
  issues on the context in which national budgets
  are made. eg limitations of GM in challenging
  inequalities embedded in power relations within
  the different levels household, local,
  national, and globally?.
• Hence visibilising the impact of macro-economic
  issues , globalisation interplay with
  patriarchy and implications as regards gender
  and class inequalities in the distribution of
  national resources at the community levels.

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3.1 Gender Budgeting Strategies adopted

• Focused at influencing govt budgets in selected
  sectors- key for engendering direction of budgets
  for pro-poor and gender sensitive impacts
• Engendering key macro policy and budgeting
  context debt, corruption, privatization
  policies, PRSP frameworks, revenue, statistics
  etc
• Directed at selected local/district level
  budgeting processes for engendering and tracking
  impacts( pro-poor and gender sensitivity)
• Cross cutting public engagement and debate

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3.1.1 GRB Phase One

• Preparatory Activities/ Planning
• Instituting the program within TGNP and FemAct
  structures
• Identifying strategic point of entries and
  building working relations with key government
  actors in selected sectors/institutions
• Building a documentation base/ building links
  with other related initiatives, such as in South
  Africa, Australia, and the Commonwealth
  Secretariat

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3.1.1 GRB Phase One

• Action oriented research activities .Team of
  Researchers (gender activists/researchers,
  academicians and government actors (selected
  Planners/Budget Officers).
• The national Planning Commission and the Ministry
  of Finance, as strategic sectors in the planning
  and budgeting process Health and Education, as
  vital social sector service providers
  Agriculture as essential to the livelihood of the
  majority of men and women and Industry and
  Commerce, given the significance of market/ trade
  liberalisation policies in the globalisation
  process.

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3.1.1 GRB Phase One

• Created space for dialogue, consultations and
  advocating for policy/budget issues from CSOs and
  gender perspectives-
• point of entry training - allies, information
  dissemination, communication,
• Phase one GBI process (1997-2000) focused
  primarily on information collection, research and
  dissemination, and capacity building and
  influencing for government ownership.

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3.1.2 GRB Phase Two

• Phase two 2001 continued with data collection
  and capacity building of the various actors
  supporting the government in its gender budgeting
  activities, but concentrated more with a focus on
  advocacy through a civil society campaign. This
  campaign was aimed at popularising Budgeting
  issues among ordinary men and women using
  HIVAIDS as an entry point Return Resources to
  the People campaign and linking with Water,
  Maternal Mortality , GBV, 50/50 campaign.....

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3.2 GRB Strategies Adopted cont./

• Generating relevant disaggregated data and
  knowledge for powerful GB arguments and evidences
  for macro economists, planners and budget
  officers (action oriented research, evidences on
  impact of privatization policies on water, user
  fees on health, care burden on HIV AIDS, gender
  based violence etc
• Engaging to influence broader policy frameworks
  by raising key gender/pro-poor issues with govt.
  and donors (PRSP, debt issues, govt. dependency,
  MACMOD/taxation

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3.2 Strategies adopted cont./

• Engaging to influence Public Expenditure Reviews
  (national/sectoral) for making visible g key
  gender issues and gaps e.g Water sector and
  current process to undertake a Public Expenditure
  Review on Gender Equality
• Influencing Medium Term Expenditure Framework
  (MTEF) processes, i.e National/sector budgeting
  and preparations
• ( Budget guidelines and selected sectors)

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3.2 Strategies adopted cont./

• Advocating for pro-poor and gender sensitive
  indicators conducting further analysis of
  Household Budget Surveys/indicator on Female
  Headed Households for policy/budget attention,
  engaged with PRSP monitoring frame
• Promoting Budget Analysis for gender sensitivity
  and pro-poor approachesraising issues of
  marginalization of women through budget, e.g.
  maternal mortality rates vs allocated budget,
  promoting public debates

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3.2 Strategies adopted cont./

• Engaging with Parliamentarians and Local
  Councilors for alerting on areas of
  under-allocation/ expenditure highlight key
  gender issues for government accountability and
  oversight e.g High maternal mortality, gender
  based violence corruption etc
• Engaging with other CSOs for district level
  budget tracking.efforts towards enhanced
  accountability and awareness raising, etc
• Documenting and experience sharing (nationally,
  regionally and beyond)

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Adopted approach of GB work at macro, sector and
  micro level increasingly leading to holistic
  gender mainstreaming of policy and budgeting
  processes key in linking macro to micro impacts
• Key pro-poor and gender equality issues adopted
  under the three clusters of (e.g. National
  Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty
  (NSGRP) and Monitoring Indicators - basis for
  budgeting , monitoring and impact tracking of
  NSGRP and CSOs and women rights tool for holding
  government accountable

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Gender review/analyses of key macro-economic
  policies leading to identification and making
  visible key gender issues at sector and local
  government levels, e,g, water privatization
  policies, health-user fees, maternal mortality ,
  livelihood and employment GBV , HIV AIDS-care
  burden etc
• Promoting GB analyses and capacity building for
  influencing macro economists, planners/budget
  officers and implementers

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Development of tools for GB Key gender issues
  checklist manuals , Gender Budget Statements
• Making GB analysis a key issue for annual
  planning and budgeting proposals, e.g. Budget
  Guidelines , national budget critical tools to
  operationalise and institutionalise GRB and a
  measure of commitment for gender equality on
  annual basis
• .Ministry of Planning/Finance and key Ministries
  increasingly owning the GB process- capacity
  building /efforts to institutionalise.

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Time-Use Survey- undertaken as a module of Labour
  Force Survey- to bridge gap in data in terms of
  valuing , recognising and costing unpaid care
  work critical for sustainability of labour force
  and hence contributions to the economy
• Engaging with govt processes debt relief issues,
  donor coordination/harmonisation, sector wide
  approaches, decentralisation etc, conducted a
  Study on how GB could be part of new funding
  modalities (GBS)

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Investing on capacity building on gender
  budgeting/analyses among Economists/Planners,
  Budget Officers the issue of the hows and how
  to grow gender expertise within the government/
  now demand driven MOFEA, Water, Health , Labour,
  MCDGC, Education, Agriculture , PMO RALG etc
• Conducting gender analyses in PER/budgeting
  processes (e.g. Gender review of Water sector PER
  for influencing Budget Guidelines/budget
  allocations)

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4.0 What has worked well?

• Budget tracking at the district/local levelTGNP,
  CSOs, conducting gender analyses and monitoring
  of budget allocations/impacts in selected local
  governments, currently engendering ongoing PETS
  training/analyses
• Generating capacity/interest of CSOs, gender
  groups in pro-poor and gender sensitive budget
  work, and public debate on macro economic,
  national resources and budgeting issues
  current debates on corruption

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4.0 What has worked well?

• CSOs coalitions (Fem Act , Policy Forum, Heath
  Equity etc) work growing and seen key for
  demanding government accountability
• Generating analyses, studies and data for
  influencing govt/donor accountability,
  influencing public discourse through policy
  briefs, position papers, etc, sharing results,
  popular version of budget analyses, lobbying and
  advocacy

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5.0 Lessons/ Challenges

• Many efforts on ground but limited coordination
  and tangible impact change of poor women and
  men situation - poverty, GBV, maternal mortality
  on increase
• Building capacity at various levels is essential-
  GTI GRB capacity devt of various levels
• On-going gender budgeting work in selected
  sectors need to be rolled out to all
  sectors/local governments making financing
  reforms have better and equal outcomes
• Need sustained advocacy work on utilisation of
  Time-Use results to inform relevant policy
  changes Water , Energy, Agriculture , Health
  ,HIVAIDS

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5.0 Lessons/ Challenges

• Challenging international macro-economic
  frameworks is essential liberalisation
  /privatisation MACMODs- North-South NGO
  Partnership is a key strategy.
• Need strengthening citizen demand at local and
  national levels hence the need to ground GRB
  advocacy more within grassroots organising and
  activism

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Conclusion

• Systematic investment for institutionalized
  capacity and accountability mechanisms for GRB
  and gender skills of key actors government
  planners , budget officers , monitoring /impact
  tracking structures actors , donor partners and
  CSOs
• Need sustained efforts, collaboration and
  commitment by the government , CSOs, donor
  partners .

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• THANKS FOR YOUR
• ATTENTION!