Agenda for example

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Agenda for example

• 1. Customer requirements
• 2. Create concept
• 3. Define additional needs
• 4. Complete design
• 5. Define lower specs and I/Fs
• 6. Document design

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1. Customer requirements

• Problem statement
• Customer requirements

1. Customer requirements
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Problem statement

• Build a place to live for a family of four with
  an income of 80,000 per year
• Build on speculation without specific customer in
  mind

Applying the design process to a define a place
to live is a good test for the design process
because construction illustrates many aspects of
design
1. Customer requirements
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Customer requirements

• A place to live for a family of four
• Costs less then 225,000

Customer requirements are the result of
translating the customer problem into an
agreement about the final product
1. Customer requirements
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2. Create concept

• Objective
• Technique
• Developing concept
• Outputs of developing concept

2. Create concept
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Objective

• Define the design sufficiently that we can
  estimate cost and manage project

2. Create concept
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Technique

• Answers three questions
• What are we going to build?
• Can we build it?
• Roughly how much will it cost to develop?
• Zig-zag back and forth between asking what and
  then asking how

2. Create concept
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Developing concept (1 of 9)

• Questions to determine what to build
• Why are we building a place to live?
• Profit of 20 percent
• What general characteristics must the structure
  have?
• Attractive to customers as determined by
  comparison to similar homes
• Who is the customer?
• A man, a wife, and two children

Ask and answer high-level question to determine
what to build
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (2 of 9)

• Who is the user?
• The family
• What type of structure?
• House
• Apartment
• Hotel
• Recreational vehicle

2. Create concept
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Developing concept (3 of 9)
house
apartment
rv
hotel
There are many possible solutions
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (4 of 9)
house
Using the process for creating a solution,
choose a single solution
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (5 of 9)

• Questions to determine if we can build the house
  and roughly what it will cost
• How many square feet are in the house?
• 2500
• How many stories?
• Two
• How many bedrooms?
• 4

Ask and answer lower-level question to determine
if we can build the house and roughly how much
it will cost
2. Create concept
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Developing concept (6 of 9)

• How many bathrooms?
• 3
• Size of garage?
• 2 cars
• Bedroom locations?
• Downstairs -- master plus one
• Upstairs -- two

2. Create concept
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Developing concept (7 of 9)

• Master bathroom?
• Closet 1 -- 100 square feet
• Closet 2 -- 30 square feet
• Bathtub
• Shower
• Enclosed toilet
• Garage-entry?
• Rear entry
• Utility room?
• Yes

2. Create concept
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Developing concept (8 of 9)

• Living areas?
• Living room
• Family room
• Game room
• Lot?
• Dimensions
• Orientations
• Utility
• Ally location
• Existing landscape
• Drainage

2. Create concept
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Developing concept (9 of 9)

• Sink in utility room?
• Yes
• Storage under stairs?
• Yes
• Storage in attic?
• 200 square feet, un-air-conditioned
• Trim?
• Crown-molding in formal areas
• Appliances?
• Middle-of-line, garage door opener

2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (1 of 13)
Generate design spec to capture answers to
questions
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (2 of 13)
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (3 of 13)

• Blueprint
• Elevations
• Lot plan
• Plumbing drawing
• Electrical drawing
• HVAC drawing

Create drawings to capture design
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (4 of 13)
house
framing
roofing
plumbing
lot
lot prep
found
siding
insul
drywall
HVAC
electrical
mason
flooring
appl
land
trim
painting
cabinet
fence
clean up
materials
Identify lower products
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (5 of 13)

• 1. Lot
• 2. Lot preparation
• 3. Foundation and concrete
• 4. Framing
• 5. Roofing and gutters
• 6. Plumbing
• 7. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
  (HVAC)

2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (6 of 13)

• 8. Electrical
• 9. Masonry
• 10. Siding
• 11. Insulation and sound proofing
• 12. Drywall
• 13. Trim
• 14. Painting and wall covering

2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (7 of 13)

• 15. Cabinetry and counter tops
• 16. Flooring, tile, and glazing
• 17. Appliances
• 18. Landscape and sprinkling
• 19. Fence
• 20. Clean up
• 21. Materials

2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (8 of 13)
Define dependencies
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (9 of 13)

• Plumbing
• Below-foundation plumbing
• Foundation
• Above-foundation plumbing
• Electrical
• Below-foundation electrical
• Foundation
• Above-foundation electrical
• Errors in dependencies can be worked around

2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (10 of 13)

• Schedule
• Built up on basis of dependencies

Define schedule
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (11 of 13)
Define internal interfaces
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (12 of 13)

• External interfaces
• Sewage
• Water
• Gas
• Electrical
• Phone
• Cable tv

Define external interfaces
2. Create concept
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Outputs of concept (13 of 13)
customer requirements
STUDY high-level questions and solutions low-level
questions and solutions
drawings
Capture studies and trace leading to design
2. Create concept
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3. Define additional needs

• Objective
• Technique
• Make product work
• Meet requirements
• Make usable and meet needs
• Provide quality and affordability

3. Define additional needs
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Objective

• Fill out all the details of the design such that
  the product can be built

3. Define additional needs
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Technique

• Expand the four areas in the complete-design step
  of the design process using models and other
  idea-solicitation techniques

3. Define additional needs
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Make product work

• Access to HVAC equipment

3. Define additional needs
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Meet requirements

• Customer
• User
• Enterprise
• Developer
• Other stakeholder e.g. building codes,
  standards, best practices

3. Define additional needs
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Make usable and meet needs

• Lifestyle
• Traffic patterns
• Privacy

3. Define additional needs
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Provide quality and affordability

• Energy considerations
• Reputation
• Cost
• Salability
• COTS
• Good neighborhood
• Appearance
• Flow of money -- bills
• Environment
• Convenience
• Site

3. Define additional needs
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4. Complete deign

• Objective
• Technique

4. Complete design
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Objective

• Complete the design to the point it can be built

4. Complete design
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Technique

• Implement each requirement and additional needs

4. Complete design
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5. Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)

• Objective
• Technique
• (1) Lot
• (2) Lot preparation
• (3) Foundation and concrete
• (4) Framing
• (5) Roofing and gutters
• (6) Plumbing
• (7) Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
  (HVAC)

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Define lower specs and I/Fs (2 of 3)

• (8) Electrical
• (9) Masonry
• (10) Siding
• (11) Insulation and sound proofing
• (12) Drywall
• (13) Trim
• (14) Painting and wall covering

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Define lower specs and I/Fs (1 of 3)

• (15) Cabinetry and counter tops
• (16) Flooring, tile, and glazing
• (17) Appliances
• (18) Landscape and sprinkling
• (19) Fence
• (20) Clean up
• (21) Materials

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Objective

• Flow requirements to each of the lower products
  to produce a set of requirements for each

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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Technique

• Flow down requirements to each lower product
• Develop a set of steps for each implementing each
  lower product before and after subcontracting
• Write a spec that defines the work to be done
• Define a set of inspections to be performed on
  each lower product
• Identify the science involved

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(1) Lot

• Requirements
• Lot that satisfies location, orientation,
  drainage, flood, location, environment, safety,
  and dimensions
• Special considerations
• Purchased separately or provided -- not part of
  material

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(2) Lot preparation

• Requirements
• Land clearing including stumps
• Excavation and backfill including drainage
• Marking foundation
• Trash receptacle
• Special considerations
• Excavation paid by hour

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(3) Foundation and concrete

• Requirements
• Footings, foundation, sidewalks, driveway
• Water-proofing and drainage
• Temporary sidewalks
• Pest control
• Special considerations
• Full-service foundation company vs individual
  subcontractors
• Type of concrete and reinforcement
• Weather and climate
• Interface with plumber and pest control

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(4) Framing

• Requirements
• Framing
• Sheathing
• Windows and doors
• Garage door
• Special considerations
• Paid by square foot of covered area plus extras
• May use pre-fabricated components

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(5) Roofing and gutters

• Requirements
• Roofing
• Gutters including flashing
• Special considerations
• Roofing cost based on squares gutter based on
  linear foot usually separate
• Gutter goes on after cornice painted and wall
  finished
• Type of roof -- wood, asphalt, fiberglass,
  aluminum, tile, concrete
• Type of gutter -- aluminum, vinyl

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(6) Plumbing

• Requirements
• Water
• Sewer
• Gas
• Vent system
• Special considerations
• Septic tanks and water wells
• Dependent upon local building codes
• Material -- cast iron, copper, PVC, CPCV,
  polybutylene

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(7) HVAC

• Requirements
• Air-conditioner and furnace
• Ducts and registers
• Thermostats, humidifiers, filters
• Special considerations
• Cost based on capacity of system
• Type -- all-electric, heat pump, combination,
  alternative heating
• Zoned heating

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(8) Electrical

• Requirements
• Electrical
• Telephone
• Alarm
• Entertainment
• Computers
• Temporary service
• Special considerations
• Cost determined by number of outlets
• Wire gauges vary with load

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(9) Masonry

• Requirements
• Bricks and concrete blocks
• Stucco
• Fireplaces and mail boxes
• Special considerations
• Type of brick
• Type of stucco -- traditional vs artificial

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(10) Siding

• Requirements
• Siding
• Cornice
• Special considerations
• Type of siding -- cedar, plywood, masonite,
  vinyl, aluminum
• Type of cornice -- open vs box

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(11) Insulation and soundproofing

• Requirements
• Sheathing
• Batts
• Blown-in
• Soundproofing
• Special considerations
• Insulation type -- fiberglass vs cellulose
• Weather exposure -- sunlight, wind

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(12) Drywall

• Requirements
• Drywall
• Finishing drywall
• Texturing
• Special considerations
• Dependent upon quality of framing
• Extra cost for vaulted ceilings, curved wall, and
  high ceilings

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(13) Trim

• Requirements
• Doors, windows, sills, and hardware
• Molding
• Stairway
• Fireplaces and mantels
• Shelves and hangars
• Special considerations
• Pay by opening, cut, hour, or job
• Quality of interior determined by trim

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(14) Painting and wall covering

• Requirements
• Painting
• Caulking
• Wall covering
• Special considerations
• Type of paint -- oil, stain, latex
• Characteristics of wood
• Exterior wood finishes
• Suitability of finishing methods
• Method of application -- paint, roller, spray

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(15) Cabinetry and countertops

• Requirements
• Kitchen cabinets
• Bathroom cabinets
• Countertops and vanity tops
• Special considerations
• Type -- custom-built vs pre-fabricated

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(16) Flooring, tile, and glazing

• Requirements
• Carpet
• Wood
• Vinyl
• Tile
• Glazing
• Special considerations
• Type of flooring
• Stability of foundation

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(17) Appliances

• Requirements
• Stoves and microwave
• Dish washer
• Garbage disposal
• Vacuum system
• Intercom
• Garage door opener
• Special considerations
• In same category as material

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(18) Landscape and sprinklers

• Requirements
• Grading and draining
• Retaining walls
• Lawn
• Plants
• Sprinkler system
• Special considerations
• Weather survivability
• Energy savings
• Erosion protection

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(19) Fence

• Requirements
• Poles
• Fences
• Gates
• Preservative
• Special considerations
• Type of pole, material, and fence

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(20) Clean up

• Requirements
• Make house ready to sell
• Special considerations
• Disposition of trash

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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(21) Materials

• Requirements
• All material not supplied by a subcontractor
• gt400 types of materials
• Special considerations
• Cost -- bids are better than estimates
• Delivery -- just-in-time vs total
• Protection -- weather, fire, and theft

5. Define lower specs and interfaces
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6. Document design

• Objective
• Technique
• Documentation components

6. Document design
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Objective

• Capture the design description, the supporting
  analysis, and the management in written format

6. Document design
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Technique

• Capture each design requirement
• Capture each design study
• Trace design requirements to higher requirements
  that they verify

6. Document design
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Documentation components (1 of 2)
design description
supporting analysis
management including tracing
Design is documented as (1) design description,
(2) supporting analysis, and (3) management
including tracing
6. Document design
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Documentation components (2 of 2)

• Design description
• Customer requirements
• Design requirements
• Drawings
• Bill of material
• Supporting analysis
• All studies
• Cost summary
• Management
• Trace

6. Document design