The period in Western history from the fall of the Roman empire 476 A.D. to the fall of Constantinop

1
Middle Ages

• The period in Western history from the fall of
  the Roman empire (476 A.D. to the fall of
  Constantinople to the Turks (1453 A.D.)

http//www.wga.hu/art/s/schinkel/medieval.jpg
2
SOLs

• WHI.9
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of Western
  Europe during the Middle Ages from about 500 to
  1000 A.D. in terms of its impact on Western
  civilization by
• Sequencing events related to the spread and
  influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church
  throughout Europe
• Explaining the structure of feudal society and
  its economic, social, and political effects
• Sequencing events related to the invasions,
  settlements, and influence of migratory groups,
  including Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and vikings.

http//www.irtc.org/stills/2001-04-30/view.html
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Middle Ages

• Also known as the Medieval Period and the "Dark
  Ages," the Middle Ages were characterized by
  feudalism (rule by independent war-lords and a
  subjected peasantry) and the dominance of the
  Catholic Church.
• This era was preceded by Antiquity and followed
  by the Renaissance.

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Barbarian Kingdoms
http//members.aol.com/_ht_a/skyelander/celts10.ht
ml
http//www.gaucin.to/history.htm

• By the sixth century, the Western Roman Empire
  had been replaced by smaller kingdoms ruled by
  barbarian kings granting only nominal recognition
  to the Emperor.

http//wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/0,64
72,268318-,00.html
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Goths
http//www.answers.com/topic/goths

• The Goths were an East Germanic tribe which
  according to their own traditions originated in
  Scandinavia (specifically Götaland and Gotland).
  They migrated southwards and conquered parts of
  the Roman empire. Two closely related tribes, the
  Götar and the Gutar, who remained in Scandinavia
  and are often called Goths, are separately
  treated, as Geats and Gotlanders.

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Visigoths Ostrogoths
http//www.answers.com/topic/goths

• The Visigoths were one of the two main branches
  of the Goths, Ostrogothi being the other.
  Together these tribes were one of the
  loosely-termed "Germanic tribes" that disturbed
  the late Roman Empire. After the "fall" of the
  western Roman Empire, the Visigoths continued to
  play a major role in western European affairs for
  another 250 years.

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Vandals
Andulusia
http//www.newacropolis.org.il/Philosopher.asp?nam
eaugustine

• The Vandals were an East Germanic tribe that
  entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th
  century and created a state in North Africa,
  centered on the city of Carthage. The Vandals may
  have given their name to the province of
  Andalusia (originally, Vandalusia, then
  Al-Andalus), in Spain, where they temporarily
  settled before pushing on to Africa.

The Vandals were actually two tribes, the Asding
and the Siling Vandals. The English word
vandalism comes from this group.
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Other Invaders
http//www.teachinghearts.org/dre17hdan02.html
The Franks were a group of Germanic peoples
inhabiting the lower and middle Rhine Valley by
the 3d century AD, when they are first mentioned
by classical authors.
The Burgundians were people from the historical
region and former province of eastern France. The
area was first organized into a kingdom by the
Burgundii, a Germanic people, in the 5th century
A.D. At the height of its later power in the 14th
and 15th centuries, Burgundy controlled vast
territories in present-day Netherlands, Belgium,
and northeast France. It was incorporated into
the French crown lands by Louis XI in 1477.
The Lombards were a Germanic people who
established a kingdom in Northern Italy. They
were originally from Scandinavia and entered the
late Roman Empire.

• There were six major German tribes. In addition
  to the Visigoths, the Ostrogoths, the Vandals,
  there were the Burgundians, the Lombards, and the
  Franks. All six groups participated in the
  fragmentation and the collapse of the Western
  Roman Empire.

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Anglo-Saxons

• Tall, blue-eyed blond Germanic invaders of
  Britain during the second half of the 5th century
  AD. These Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came from
  areas in and around what is now Denmark. By A.D.
  600 they were well established in Britain, having
  driven the Romanised Celtic Britons westward into
  Wales and Cornwall. Initially they were pagans
  but by the end of the 7th century they had been
  converted to Christianity by St. Augustine of
  Canterbury and other missionaries from the
  continent.

10
Magyars
In central Europe, the Magyars started moving out
from their base in Hungary, which they had
earlier seized from the Bulgar Huns. They
launched raiding parties as far afield as Bremen
in Germany, Orleans in France and Constantinople,
raping, pillaging, looting and destroying where
they went. In 954, a Magyar raiding party
consisting of an estimated 100,000 soldiers
crossed Bavaria and the Rhine River, penetrating
France as far as Rhiems and Burgundy, then
crossing the Alps to pillage Lombardy in Italy.

• The Magyars were an Asiatic group who burst over
  the Danube river at the close of the 10th
  Century, ravaging wide areas of central Europe.

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Normans
Under the leadership of Hrolf Ganger, who adopted
the French name Rollo, they swore allegiance to
the king of France (Charles the Simple) and
received the small lower Seine area from him in
911. This area expanded over time to become the
Duchy of Normandy.

• The Normans (adapted from the name "Northmen" or
  "Norsemen") were a mixture of the Gauls of France
  and the Viking invaders under the leadership of
  Rollo (Gange Rolf). Danish or Norwegian Vikings
  began to occupy the northern area of France now
  known as Normandy in the latter half of the 9th
  century.

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Religion
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o.cgi?actionviewlinkHistory/Middle_Ages/Religio
nimageMRL_366A.jpgimgtt

• The Catholic Church was the only church in
  Europe during the Middle Ages, and it had its own
  laws and large coffers.
• Church leaders such as bishops and archbishops
  sat on the king's council and played leading
  roles in government. Bishops, who were often
  wealthy and came from noble families, ruled over
  groups of parishes called "diocese."
• Parish priests, on the other hand, came from
  humbler backgrounds and often had little
  education. The village priest tended to the sick
  and indigent and, if he was able, taught Latin
  the Bible to the youth of the village.

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Religion
http//encarta.msn.com/media_461517471_761564555_-
1_1/Monk_in_Scriptorium.html

• The Roman Catholic church was important because
  it
• gave religious teaching to all of Europe under
  the guidance of the Pope
• provided most formal education preserved
  learning
• was an important political element
• developed drama through the mystery, miracle, and
  morality plays

http//www.asaplive.com/iKnow/LocalHistory.cfm?ccs
212cs672
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Crusades

• A series of military campaigns fought during the
  11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. Originally they
  were Roman Catholic attempts to recapture the
  Holy Land from the Muslims.

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Crusades
http//www.catholiceducation.org/images/history/Cr
usades20Jerusalem.jpg

• However, some were directed against other
  Europeans, such as the Fourth Crusade against
  Constantinople, the Albigensian Crusade against
  the Cathars of southern France and the Northern
  Crusade.

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusades
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First Crusade
http//kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st20Crusades.htm

• Pope Urban II (1088-1099) was responsible for
  assisting Emperor Alexus I (1081-1118) of
  Constantinople in launching the first crusade.
• He made one of the most influential speeches in
  the Middle Ages, calling on Christian princes in
  Europe to go on a crusade to rescue the Holy Land
  from the Turks.
• In the speech given at the Council of Clermont in
  France, on November 27, 1095, he combined the
  ideas of making a pilgrimage to the Holy Land
  with that of waging a holy war against infidels.

http//gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/crusades.stm
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Feudalism

• The main form of social organization in medieval
  Europe the term was first used in 1839.
• A system based primarily on land, feudalism
  involved a hierarchy of authority, rights, and
  power that extended from the monarchy downwards.
• At the head of the system the crown owned all the
  land.
• Beneath the crown, an intricate network of duties
  and obligations linked royalty, tenants-in-chief
  (such as the barons), under-tenants (knights),
  and villeins (serfs).

http//www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/h
utchinson/m0006447.html
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Feudalism

• In return for military service the monarch
  allowed powerful vassals (feudal tenants) to hold
  land, and often also to administer justice and
  levy taxes.
• They in turn sublet such rights, usually
  keeping part of the land (the demesne) for
  themselves.

http//mboullic.club.fr/la_feodalite.htm
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http//www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/h
utchinson/m0006447.html
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Manors

• Manors each consisted of up to three classes of
  land
• Demesne, the part controlled immediately by the
  lord and exploited directly for the benefit of
  his household and dependents
• Dependent (serf or villein) holdings carrying the
  obligation that the peasant household supply the
  lord with specified labour services or a part of
  its output (or cash in lieu thereof), subject to
  the custom attached to the holding and
• Free peasant land, without such obligation but
  otherwise subject to manorial jurisdiction and
  custom, and owing money rent fixed at the time of
  the lease.

http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/durer/engravi
ngs/
http//www.answers.com/topic/manorial-system
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Manor

• An agricultural estate under the control of a
  single individual or lord
• Often a manor was a small holding, typically from
  1,200 to 1,800 acres, with its own court and
  probably its own hall, but not necessarily having
  a manor house. The manor as a unit of land was
  generally held by a knight (knight's fee) or
  managed by a bailiff for some other holder.

http//www.maybole.org/history/castles/waughton.ht
m
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Manor

• The demense was the lords personal land,
  providing for their needs, while the land worked
  by the peasants provided additional income or
  food consumed by the lord or his retainers.

http//www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/endmi
ddle/bluedot/manor.html
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Generic Manor
http//www.answers.com/topic/manorial-system

• Open-field strip farming
• Some enclosures
• Triennial crop rotation
• Demesne
• Manse
• Common woodland
• Pasturage
• Meadow

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Feudal System
http//www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/BayeuxAfter.htm
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Serfs

• Laborer who is bound to the land
• Lowest social class of the feudal society
• Differed from slaves in that they were not
  property themselves and could not be sold apart
  from the land which they worked
• Provided rent in the form of goods and services
  in return for protection and the right to work on
  their leased fields

http//perso.wanadoo.fr/vtt.compostelle/paysans.ht
m
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Magna Carta
http//www.royal.gov.uk/files/images/john-lackland
_lrg.jpg

• Document signed by King John of England in A. D.
  1215 that limited the kings power and guaranteed
  certain basic rights
• Considered the beginning of constitutional
  government in England
• Gave 'freemen' inalienable rights notably trial
  by jury

26
Castles
Knight A warrior who followed a nobleman or a
nobleman who followed a king
http//www.maybole.org/history/castles/
27
Life in the Castle Skipton Castle
Banqueting Hall
http//www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm
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Life in the Castle Skipton Castle
Medieval Kitchen
http//www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm
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Life in the Castle Skipton Castle
Withdrawing Room
http//www.skiptoncastle.co.uk/family.htm
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Medieval Timeline
http//duguesclin.free.fr/merovingien/page/Clovis_
et_les_Alamans.htm

• Clovis, founder of the Frankish state, conquers
  most of France and Belgium, converting his
  territories to Western Catholic Christianity

Clovis
A.D. 500
31
Medieval Timeline

• Pope Gregory widens the gulf between Eastern
  Western Churches. He begins conversion of
  England to Christianity.

A. D. 590
Pope Gregory
Clovis
32
Medieval Timeline
http//www.wga.hu/tours/arezzo/trumpete.html

• Heraclius becomes Emperor in Constantinople in
  610 as the Persian Empire is attempting the
  takeover of Byzantine civilization. Persia is
  conquered by Byzantine forces in 627.

A. D. 627
Pope Gregory
Persians defeated
Clovis
33
Medieval Timeline
http//www.boydhouse.com/alice/Green/SalisburyThir
tyFirstGeneration.htm

• Pepin of Heristal, a Merovingian ruler, unites
  the Frankish territories. He is succeeded by his
  son Charles Martel, who forms an alliance with
  the Church.

A.D. 687
Pope Gregory
Persians defeated
Clovis
Pepin
34
Medieval Timeline

• The Battle of Tours was fought on October 25, 732
  between forces under the Frankish leader Charles
  Martel and an Islamic army led by Emir Abd er
  Rahman. During the battle, the Franks defeated
  the Islamic army and Emir Abd er Rahman was
  killed. The result of this battle stopped the
  northward advance of Islam from Spain.

A.D. 732
Pope Gregory
Persians defeated
Battle of Tours
Clovis
Pepin
35
Medieval Timeline
http//www.patriarchate.org/ecumenical_patriarchat
e/chapter_4/html/chora__page_2.html

• Arabs attempt to conquer Constantinople for 2nd
  time, but Byzantine Emperor Leo the Isaurian
  defeats the Arab forces reconquors most of Asia
  Minor. He uses Greek Fire.

Greek Fire (also called Byzantine Fire and liquid
fire) was a weapon used by the Byzantine Empire,
said to have been invented by a Syrian Christian
refugee named Kallinikos (Callinicus) of
Heliopolis, probably about 673. Some people
believe that he acquired this knowledge from the
chemists of Alexandria. It was capable of
discharging a stream of burning fluid, and was
very effective both on sea and land, but it was
used primarily at sea.
A.D. 717
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Persians defeated
Battle of Tours
Clovis
Pepin
36
Medieval Timeline
http//www.accd.edu/sac/english/bailey/medeng.htm

• Venerable Bede, an Anglo-Saxon Benedictine
  scholar, writes the History of the English Church
  and People in Latin, perhaps the best historical
  writing of medieval history.

A.D. 735
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Persians defeated
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
37
Medieval Timeline
http//www.gpc.edu/shale/humanities/literature/wo
rld_literature/beowulf.html

• The first great English epic poem, Beowulf, is
  written in Old English. It is a Christian poem
  that shows early medieval society in England and
  shows roots in Old Testament law.

A.D. 750
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Persians defeated
Beowulf
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
38
Medieval Timeline
http//www.w3perl.com/www/histoire/france/caroling
iens.html

• In addition, to aid expansion and administration
  of the kingdom, Charlemagne promotes what is
  called later, the Carolingian Renaissance.
  Prior to this revival of learning, practically
  the entire realm (with the exception of
  Benedictine England) is illiterate due to the
  decay of the Roman Empire.
• The director of the renaissance is Anglo-Saxon
  Benedictine Alcuin, who sets up schools, sees to
  copying of classical Latin texts and develops a
  new handwriting.

• Carolus Magnus (Charlemagne), son of Pepin,
  succeeds his father and is one of the most
  important rulers of medieval history. In time,
  his empireknown as the Carolingian dynasty, is
  huge.

• Charlemagnes empire includes the greater section
  of central Europe, northern Italy and central
  Italy in addition to realms already conquered by
  Frankish rule.
• Charlemagnes system of government divides the
  vast realm into different regions, ruled by local
  counts who are overseen by Charlemagnes
  representatives.

A. D. 768
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Charlemagne
Persians defeated
Beowulf
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
39
Medieval Timeline
http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/lj/conquestlj/sermon_
04.shtml?sitehistory_conquestlj_sermon

• Alfred is responsible for the codification of
  English law, public interest in local government,
  and the reorganization of the army.
• He founds schools and promotes Anglo-Saxon
  literacy and the establishment of a national
  culture.

• King Alfred the Great of England constructs a
  system of government and education which allows
  for the unification of smaller Anglo-Saxon states
  in the ninth and tenth centuries.

A. D. 871
Charlemagne
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Persians defeated
Alfred the Great
Beowulf
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
40
Medieval Timeline

• Otto the Great is named emperor in Rome after
  defeating the Hungarians (Magyars). This
  provides Germany with the power to resist
  invasion.

A.D. 962
Charlemagne
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Persians defeated
Alfred the Great
Beowulf
Otto the Great
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
41
Medieval Timeline
http//www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/we.are.
all.cousins.htm

• The language of England evolves into Middle
  English with an English syntax and grammar and a
  heavily French vocabulary.
• French art and literature prevail over previous
  English art and literature.
• William introduces feudal system.

• William the Conqueror invades England and asserts
  his right to the English throne at the Battle of
  Hastings. William is both the King of England
  and the Duke of Normandy.

A. D. 1066
William the Conqueror
Charlemagne
Pope Gregory
Emperor Leo
Venerable Bede
Persians defeated
Alfred the Great
Beowulf
Otto the Great
Clovis
Pepin
Battle of Tours
Battle of Hastings
42
Bubonic Plague
https//secure.college.hmco.com/passkeyauth/colleg
e_loginandregister.html?targeturl2Fhistory2Fwes
t2Fmosaic2Fchapter62Fimage75.html

• Bubonic Plague was a disease carried by rats and
  spread by fleas.
• It killed a third of the people in medieval
  Europe.
• It was nicknamed the Black Death because its
  victims developed black sores on their skin.

http//www.springfield.k12.il.us/schools/springfie
ld/eliz/plague.html
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End of the Middle Ages
http//www.ndaviess.k12.in.us/elemshare/Teachers/j
weathers/process.htm
44
Extending Learning
45
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• Feudalism. Tascali Reference. Online
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• High Middle Ages, The. AIMS Multimedia. 2004.
  Unitedstreaming. 17 November 2005
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  lthttp//www.ndaviess.k12.in.us/elemshare/Teachers/
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• Medieval Times Life in the Middle Ages
  (1000-1450 A.D.). United Learning. 1992.
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  tmgt.
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