Argumentation

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Argumentation Debate

• Learning to argue constructively, effectively,
  and ethically

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What is an argument?
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What is an argument?

• Advancing and supporting claims in an attempt to
  influence the opinions of others.

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The Procedural Norms of arguing
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The Procedural Norms of arguing

• Cooperativeness

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The Procedural Norms of arguing

• Cooperativeness
• Bilaterality

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The Procedural Norms of arguing

• Cooperativeness
• Bilaterality
• Reflective judgment

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Why is arguing frequently regarded as a hostile,
rather than a cooperative activity?
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Forms of Debate
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Forms of Debate

• Political debate, public events

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Forms of Debate

• Political debate, public events
• Legal debate

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Forms of Debate

• Political debate, public events
• Legal debate
• Parliamentary debate

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Forms of Debate

• Political debate, public events
• Legal debate
• Parliamentary debate
• Nonformal debate, scholarly debate

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Forms of Debate

• Political debate, public events
• Legal debate
• Parliamentary debate
• Nonformal debate, scholarly debate
• Academic debate

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Assumptions underlying educational debate (ED)
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Assumptions underlying educational debate (ED)

• ED is free of a particular subject matter

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Assumptions underlying educational debate (ED)

• ED is free of a particular subject matter
• ED is a cooperative activity

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Assumptions underlying educational debate (ED)

• ED is free of a particular subject matter
• ED is a cooperative activity
• ED depends upon the notion that humans should be
  rational beings

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Why has debate prospered in an educational
setting?
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Of what importance are the skills of debate to a
democratic society?
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Values of Educational Debate
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Debate provides preparation for effective
participation in free society

• Voting
• The judicial system
• Organizational decision-making

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Debate offers preparation for leadership
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Debate provides for investigation analysis of
significant issues

• CETA Job training
• EPA Nuclear regulation the environment
• Star Wars A federal program to develop space

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Debate develops proficiency in critical thinking

• Emphasizes a logical approach
• Emphasizes supporting evidence
• Emphasizes a critical search for fallacies in
  reasoning

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Debate integrates knowledge areas
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Debate develops proficiency in listening
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Debate develops proficiency in purposeful inquiry
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Debate emphasizes quality teaching

• Individual attention to students
• Tutorial help
• Interactive teaching (give take)
• Immediate feedback to improve performance

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Debate promotes student scholarship
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Debate develops the ability to make prompt,
analytical responses
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Debate develops proficiency in writing
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Debate encourages mature judgment

• See all sides of an issue
• Understand how inquiry and analysis can change
  points of view
• Encourages a scientific approach to problem
  solving

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Debate develops courage
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Debate encourages effective speech composition
and delivery
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Debate encourages effective speech composition
and delivery
But NOT tournament debate!!
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Debate develops social maturity

• Tolerate disagreement without effect to personal
  relationships
• Accept decisions without argument
• Learn to adapt self-expression to a rigid system
  of rules and time contraints
• Learn debate manners
• Learn the value of teamwork

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Debate Formats

• Debate can be either team (2 person) debate or
  Lincoln Douglas (individual) debate.

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Lincoln Douglas debate
Most often involves questions of value rather
than policy--more on that later
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Affirmative Constructive 6 minutes Cross
examination 3 minutes Negative Constructive 7
minutes Cross examination 3 minutes Affirmative
rebuttal 4 minutes Negative rebuttal 6
minutes Affirmative rebuttal 3 minutes
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Standard Debate
1st AFF Constructive 10 minutes 1st NEG
Constructive 10 minutes 2nd AFF Constructive 10
minutes 2nd NEG Constructive 10 minutes 1st NEG
Rebuttal 5 minutes 1st AFF Rebuttal 5
minutes 2nd NEG Rebuttal 5 minutes 2nd AFF
Rebuttal 5 minutes
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Cross-examination Debate

• Same as standard except that each constructive is
  followed by a cross examination period and time
  limits for all speeches are slightly reduced.

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Preparation Time

• Prep time is an expendable resource that allows
  debaters to take time-out before speeches in
  order to prepare.

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Typical abbreviations

• 1AC First affirmative constructive
• 2NC Second negative constructive
• 2NR Second negative rebuttal
• CX Cross examination