SenseCam & memory rehabilitation. Georgina Browne, Emm

1
SenseCam memory rehabilitation
Georgina Browne, Emma Berry, Narinder
Kapur Steve Hodges, Lyndsay Williams, Gavin
Smyth, James Srinivasan, Alex Butler, Alban
Rrustemi, Ken Wood
2
Background

• Cambridge Memory Clinic, Addenbrookes Hospital

3
Causes and treatment of memory loss

• Neurodegenerative disease
• Alzheimers disease and Lewy Body dementia can be
  treated with medication with limited success
• No medical treatment for other dementias
• External memory aids (in theory)
• Acquired brain injury (traumatic and
  non-traumatic)
• External memory aids (in theory)

4
Improving memory with SenseCam

• Different types of memory
• Episodic things you have done (personal
  experiences)
• Semantic facts and concepts
• Prospective things you intend to do (go
  shopping, visit friends, make and keep
  appointments)
• Almost all memory aids treat prospective memory

5
Improving memory with SenseCam

• Episodic memory critical to quality of life
• Forms basis for semantic memories
• Guides actions, creates bonds, builds
  self-concept
• SenseCam records experiences
• Captures events from patients point of view
• Without conscious thought or intrusion
• Plays back quickly in simple-to-use, easy-to-view
  movie
• Subsequent viewing of image sequences
• Cues recall so consolidates storage of memories

6
Improving memory with SenseCam

• Cambridge Memory Clinic, Addenbrookes Hospital
• 63 year old, well-educated, married woman Mrs B
• Diagnosed with limbic encephalitis in 2002

• Now has marked amnesia
• usually no memory a couple of days after event

7
Improving memory with SenseCam

• Goals of patient and husband
• To improve Mrs Bs episodic memory
• To share experiences with each other
• To improve Mrs Bs self-esteem and confidence

8
Improving memory with SenseCam

• Study Protocol
• Experimental condition SenseCam used to record
  special days (N9)
• Control condition written diary used to record
  special days (N3)
• Baseline condition no memory aid used to help
  recall special days (N2)
• Information reviewed every 2 days for 2 weeks
• Memory evaluated before each review

9
Results
Results
Memory of an event over time
Proportion of event remembered
Days elapsed following event
10
Results
Results
Memory of an event over time
Proportion of event remembered
Days elapsed following event
11
Results
Results
Memory of an event over time
Proportion of event remembered
Days elapsed following event
12
Results
Results
Memory of an event over time
Proportion of event remembered
Days elapsed following event
13
Results SenseCam feedback

• Results from patients point of view
• More relaxed socially and less anxious
• Sharing experiences again was a sheer pleasure
• Seeing images brings memories flooding back
• It has enormous potential as a memory aid and
  has been a great success for us personally

14
Results SenseCam feedback

• Publications
• Berry, E., Kapur, N., Watson, P., Smith, R.,
  Williams, L., Wilson, B. (in press). The use of
  SenseCam as a pictorial diary to improve
  autobiographical memory in a patient with limbic
  encephalitis A preliminary report.
  Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.
• Hodges, S., Williams, L., Berry, E., Izadi, S.,
  Srinivasan, J., Butler, A., Smyth, G., Kapur, N.,
  Wood, K. SenseCam A retropsective memory aid.
  To appear in UbiComp 2006, 8th International
  Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, September
  17-21, 2006.
• Tan, D., Berry, E., Czerwinski, M., Sellen, A.,
  Bell, G., Gemmell, J., Hodges, S., Kapur, N.,
  Meyers, B., Oliver, N., Robertson, G., Wood, K.
  (in press). Supporting human memory with a
  personal digital lifetime store. To appear in J.
  Teevan W. Jones (Eds.), Readings in Personal
  Information Management. Seattle University of
  Washington Press.

15
Ongoing research MSRC

• SenseCam as an episodic memory aid in patients
  with early Alzheimers disease
• SenseCam as an episodic memory aid in other
  patients with memory loss
• SenseCam factors facilitating consolidation
• Image-reviewing schedules

16
Ongoing research collaborative work

• Collaborations agreed/underway with
• Professor Narinder Kapur, Head of
  Neuropsychology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge
• Professor Adam Zeman, Professor of Cognitive and
  Behavioural Neurology, Peninsula Medical School,
  Exeter
• Professor Jon Evans, Professor of Applied
  Neuropsychology, University of Glasgow
• Dr Chris Butler, Clinical Research Fellow,
  Department of Neurology, University of Edinburgh
• Dr Nick Alderman, Consultant Neuropsychologist,
  St Andrews Hospital, Northampton

• Professor Barbara Wilson, Senior Scientist, MRC
  Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge
• Professor John Hodges, Professor of Behavioural
  Neurology, University of Cambridge
• Professor Phillip Barnard, Research Scientist,
  MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge
• Professor Martin Conway, Director of Research
  ESRC Professorial Fellow, Leeds Memory Group,
  University of Leeds
• Dr Andrew Bateman, Clinical Director, Oliver
  Zangwill Centre of Neuropsychological
  Rehabilitation, Ely

17
Ongoing research collaborative work

• John Hodges, Professor of Behavioural Neurology,
  Addenbrookes Hospital
• Mild Cognitive Impairment
• Early Alzheimers Disease
• Adam Zeman, Professor of Cognitive Behavioural
  Neurology, Exeter
• Epileptic amnesia
• Semantic dementia
• Oliver Zangwill Centre, Cambridge
• Brain Injury Rehabilitation
• Therapy

18
Ongoing research collaborative work

• Collaboration with Martin Conway, Professor of
  Cognitive Psychology, Leeds Memory Group, Editor
  of the journal Memory
• SenseCam is potentially the first truly
  powerful 21st century memory stimulant which
  could generally improve and strengthen memory in
  normal aging populations and in those with brain
  disease

19
Ongoing research collaborative work

• Undertaking SenseCam memory studies based on two
  hypotheses
• 1. SenseCam movies mimic episodic memory
• Visual
• From egocentric point of view
• Temporally ordered
• Formed outside awareness
• Time compressed
• Correspond to changes in goal-directed behaviour
• Using SenseCam in experimental studies
• Investigating extent to which SenseCam stimulates
  recall and strengthens learning
• Asking How do we forget over time? and How do
  our memories decline with age?

20
Ongoing research collaborative work

• Professor Conways hypotheses contd
• 2. SenseCam movies stimulate brain regions
  important for memory consolidation
• Hippocampus and related memory structures
• Neural networks not easily activated otherwise
• Using SenseCam in neuroimaging studies
• Investigating the functional neuroanatomy of
  episodic memory in the normal population and in
  patients

21
Final words

• SenseCam may be an extremely powerful aid for
  people with memory disorders
• SenseCam may be a potential innoculation
  against memory decline in the normal ageing
  population