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Title: Grounding: down to earth comments!


1
"Grounding down to earth comments!"
  • RARS Meeting August 2009

2
Reasons for Grounding
  • Safety
  • Performance

3
Safety
  • Minimize touch potential.
  • Provide a low impedance path to clear phase to
    ground electrical power circuit faults.

4
Performance
  • Equalize potential differences to prevent or
    mitigate unwanted coupling, instability,
    radiation, etc.

5
Reasons for Grounding a Radio Station
  • Minimize touch potential.

6
http//www.nppa.org/professional_development/self-
training_resources/look_up_report/Touch20Potentia
l-1.jpg
7
Reasons for Grounding a Radio Station
  • Minimize touch potential.
  • Equalize potential differences to prevent or
    mitigate unwanted coupling, instability,
    radiation, etc.

8
Reasons for Grounding a Radio Station
  • Minimize touch potential.
  • Equalize potential differences to prevent or
    mitigate unwanted coupling, instability,
    radiation, etc.
  • Prevent damage to the station from lightning
    discharges.

9
The Basics
  • E (voltage) I (current) x R (resistance)
  • If I 0, then E 0.
  • If R 0, then E 0.
  • If E1 E2, then the potential difference between
    E1 and E2 is 0, therefore the current that flows
    in a resistance between E1 and E2 is 0.

10
Bonding
  • To prevent station damage, one must equalize
    voltage differences caused by lightning
    discharges.
  • Bonding is the means by which the potential
    difference between conductive elements is made to
    be 0 volts.

11
Grounding
  • When either an individual conductive element, or
    a system of elements, is at the same potential
    difference as the earth, they are said to be
    grounded and at equal-potential to the earth.
  • Grounding is achieved through bonding of a system
    of elements to a grounding electrode.

12
Grounding Electrode
  • A conductive element that is in contact with the
    earth is a grounding electrode.
  • Typical examples of a grounding electrode
  • Ground rod.
  • Metallic underground water pipe.
  • Ground ring.

13
http//www.dranetz-bmi.com/pdf/groundtesting.pdf
14
Grounding Electrode Conductor
The wire that connects (bonds) the ground rod to
another element of the grounding system.
15
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)

16
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)
  • Grounding Electrode System

17
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)
  • Grounding Electrode System
  • Grounding Electrode Bonding Conductors

18
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)
  • Grounding Electrode System
  • Grounding Electrode Bonding Conductors
  • Grounding Electrode Conductor

19
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)
  • Grounding Electrode System
  • Grounding Electrode Bonding Conductors
  • Grounding Electrode Conductor
  • Main Ground Bar

20
Building a Grounding System
  • Grounding Electrode (reference to earth)
  • Grounding Electrode System
  • Grounding Electrode Bonding Conductors
  • Grounding Electrode Conductor
  • Main Ground Bar
  • Bonding Conductors

21
http//www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/qsl-lightning-pr
otection4.htm
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Questions
34
References
  • http//www.nppa.org National Press
    Photographers Association
  • http//www.dranetz-bmi.com Dranetz-BMI
  • http//www.astrosurf.com French Astronomy
    Web-site

35
To learn more
  • Lightning Protection for the Amateur Radio
    Station
  • Ron Block, KB2UYT
  • http//www.arrl.org/tis/info/pdf/0206056.pdf
    Part 1, QST, Jun. 2002
  • http//www.arrl.org/tis/info/pdf/0207048.pdf
    Part 2, QST, Jul. 2002
  • http//www.arrl.org/tis/info/pdf/0208053.pdf
    Part 3, QST, Aug. 2002
  • Getting Down to Earth
  • http//www.biddlemegger.com/biddle-ug/GettingDownT
    oEarth-MC.pdf
  • One of numerous application guides found at
    BiddleMeggar.com
  • All About Lightning
  • http//www.astrosurf.com/luxorion/qsl-lightning-pr
    otection4.htm

36
To learn more
  • MIL-HDBK-419A - MILITARY HANDBOOK
  • GROUNDING, BONDING, AND SHIELDING FOR ELECTRONIC
    EQUIPMENTS AND FACILITIES
  • VOLUME 1 OF 2 VOLUMES - BASIC THEORY
  • VOLUME II OF 2 VOLUMES APPLICATIONS
  • TM 5-811-3/AFM 88-9  - TECHNICAL MANUAL
  • ELECTRICAL DESIGN - LIGHTNING AND STATIC
    ELECTRICITY PROTECTION
  • Available for FREE download from
    http//www.everyspec.com/
  • And http//140.194.76.129/publications/
  • Publications of the Headquarters, United States
    Army Corps of Engineers
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