Shame of the Nation: The Restoration of Apartheid Schooling in America

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Shame of the Nation The Restoration of Apartheid
Schooling in America

• Edwin D. Bell

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Introduction

• My name is Edwin D. Bell, I am a professor of
  Education at WSSU. I grew up in Roxbury,
  Massachusetts a few blocks from Father Breedens
  church where Jonathan Kozol started teaching. I
  have very clear understanding of the type of
  urban segregation that Kozol describes.

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Key Points

• American Public Schools are resegregating
  (Harvard Civil Rights Project)

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Key Points (continued)

• Politically separate but equal has been
  accepted as government policy, but the separate
  schools are not actually equal (Kozol, 2005).
• The physical facilities are different (Kozol,
  2005)
• The teaching staffs are different (Kozol, 2005).
• The funding is different (See Leandro case)
• The instructional strategies are different
  (Kozol, 2005).

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Key Points (continued)

• Education, of course, is not among the rights
  afforded explicit protection under our Federal
  Constitution. Nor do we find any basis for saying
  it is implicitly so protected. U.S. Supreme
  Court, San Antonio School District v. Rodriquez,
  411 U.S. 1 (1973)

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Key Points (continued)

• Children of color and poor children are taught
  differently (Kozol, 2005)
• Success for all

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Key Points (Continued)

• Educational Organizations are loosely-coupled
  systems (Weick, 1976)

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Key Points (continued)

• We have the knowledge to educate all children
  that we choose to educate (Edmonds, 1979, Kozol,
  2005)

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What difference does it make?

• If we have agreed to live with this reality
  essentially unaltered for another generation or
  for several generations yet to come, I think we
  need to honestly say so. I also think we need to
  recognize that our acceptance of a dual education
  system will have consequences that may be no less
  destructive than those we have seen the past
  century. (Kozol, 2005, p. 11)

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Consequences

• What are those consequences?
• What difference, if any, will it make to the
  future of this nation, this state, this city?
• What difference, if any, will it make to you?

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What if can you do?

• Social Movement (Kozol, 2005)
• Create a Treasured Place (Kozol, 2005, Sanders,
  1998, Wang, Haertel, and Walberg, 1993)
• Maintain a Sense of Joy inside yourself. If
  not, you cant create it for students (Kozol,
  2005, p. 299)

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Resources

• Balanced Literacy retrieved from
  http//teacher.scholastic.com/professional/teachst
  rat/balanced.htm
• Edmonds, R. (1979). Effective schools for the
  urban poor. Educational Leadership, 37(1), 15-24.
  
• Harvard University Civil Rights Project retrieved
  from http//faculty.babson.edu/krollag/org_site/or
  g_theory/Scott_articles/weick_lcs.html
• Kozol, J. (2005). Shame of the Nation The
  Restoration of Apartheid in America. New York,
  NY Crown Publishing.
• Leandro et al v. State of North Carolina State
  Board of Education retrieved from
  http//www.aoc.state.nc.us/www/public/coa/opinions
  /1996/95-0321.html

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Resources (Continued)

• Literature Circles retrieved from
  http//www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr259.shtm
  l
• Literature Circles retrieved from
  http//www.literaturecircles.com/
• NC Justice Center retrieved from
  http//www.ncjustice.org/headlines/details.php?id
  444
• U.S. Supreme Court, San Antonio School District
  v. Rodriquez, 411 U.S. 1 (1973)
• Sanders, W.L. (1998). Value-Added Assessment.
  School Administrator, 11(55), 24-27. Retreived
  from http//www.aasa.org/publications/saarticledet
  ail.cfm?ItemNumber4627snItemNumber950tnItemNum
  ber951
• Sheltered Instruction Model retrieved from
  http//www.crede.org/tools/professional/siop/siop.
  html
• Success for All Retrieved from http//www.ericdige
  sts.org/1999-3/success.htm
• Wang, M.C. Haertel, G. D. and Walberg, H.
  J.(1993/1994). What helps students learn?
  Educational Leadership, 51(4), 74-79.
• Weick, K. (1976) Educational organizations as
  loosely coupled systems, Administrative Science
  Quarterly, 21, 1-9. retrieved from
  http//faculty.babson.edu/krollag/org_site/org_the
  ory/Scott_articles/weick_lcs.html