The regional aspects of the relationships between research, competitiveness and society in EU progra

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The regional aspects of the relationships
betweenresearch, competitiveness and society
in EU programmes

• International seminar
• Science, research and competitiveness
  perspectives on Internal market integration
• ISTITUTO INTERNAZIONALE
• JACQUES MARITAIN
• Trieste, 7 8 November 2003

Jean-Marie ROUSSEAU Sector Regional Aspects, DG
RTD-A5.2 Jean-marie.rousseau_at_cec.eu.int
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1.Research, Competitiveness Society
State of the art.
2. Region as a stimulating environment for
KBE-KBS R.I.S. P.R.A.I.(DG REGIO)
From NEGA-Development to MOTO-Regions
3.KBE-KBS as a driving Force for the
region Knowledge Regions (DG RTD)
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An unexplainedpart of growth

• Only a part of growth can be explained by
• the increase in the factors of production
• (capital labour)
• It is a fact, discovered 20 years ago
• by an American Nobel Prize, Robert Solow,
• who tried to understand
• where the unexplained part of growth come from.
• 10 to 50, depending on the country

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Productivity and profitgains?

• Econometric studies show that
• 1 of RD expenditures in a firm
• brings for 20 - 80 to this firm
• 1 of additional expenditure
• can increase production up to 30
• Innovation at the level of a firm can lead to
• a productivity gain
• the creation of a market based on a new
  product/service
• entry into a market held by others.

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(No Transcript)
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The Lisbon Agenda

• At the Lisbon European Council of March 2000,
• a new strategic goal was adopted,
• in order to transform the Union by 2010
  into
• the most competitive and dynamic
• knowledge-based economy
• in the world
• This Lisbon Agenda is a great inducement
• to build up a new model of regional policy for
  Europe,
• the model of globally minded regional policy.

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lt 30 30 - 50 50 - 75 75 - 100 100 - 125 gt
125 No data
GDP per head by regions
To what extent do some specific places flourish
within the EU?
100-125
Base 100 European Average
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RD Expenditures gt 4 of GDP Braunschweig
4,84Stuttgart 4,79 Tübingen
4,38 Oberbayern 4,05
RD Expenditures 13 BillionIle-de-France
28 regions out of 211 invest in RD More
than 1/2 the European expenditures .
RD Expenditures 1,87 of GDPEU Average
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28
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21 regions out of 211 - 13 High-Tech -
account for more than1/2 Patent applications
Out of 57.000 Patent applications,10.500 were
for High-Tech in 99 Within the EU, Germany
were the most active, with 42 of the
applications
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In the light of Lisbonand Barcelona objectives

• The role that RD can play,
• as a driving force
• for a competitive dynamic knowledge
  economy,
• is linked to the economys capacity to turn
• new knowledge into technological innovation
• But, it is important not to simply transform
• indicators of Innovation capacity into formal
  objectives.

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Is it relevantincreasing patenting?

• /- 70 of Value Added of the European economy
• comes from service sector,
• where there are no patent registration
  nor transfer
• only 5 of patents bring a commercial return
• worse Patents can block innovation in some
  sectors!... (software, biotechnology) by
  forming
• a barrier to entry to the market.

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Islands of excellenceversusInnovation
dissemination

• Industrial innovation is
• not the result of a linear chain going from
  laboratory to market
• but the result of complex interactions and
  feedback between
• fundamental and applied research
• laboratory and firm
• innovators and managers, in a company and within
  a territory.
• It could be useful from a long term perspective,
  
• to help communities attract and cluster talents,
  
• and eventually, reinforce their knowledge
  capacities
• within territories,
• and dissemination towards SMEs.

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From RD to Innovation Preliminary trends for
clustering
"Commercialise" the Science Base
Increase Competitiveness of the Regional Economy
Animate Foster RD Base
Develop Know-How
Irrigate SMEs with Innovation
Transfer Know-How

• Inter-Firm Initiatives
• within Clusters
• Business Innovation
• Intermediaries and
• Brokers (Interfaces)
• Technology Counsellors
• Audits towards SMEs
• Demand-oriented
• Support for Innovation
• Interregion Benchmark

• Technology Transfer
• Organisations
• Liaison Offices
• University/Enterprise
• Awareness raising
• actions Tech offer
• Co-operation Actions
• and Initiatives from
• RD Centres

• Public funding of
• Universities and
• Research laboratories
• Science Parks
• Contract Research
• Organisations
• Subsidies / Tax breaks
• for Industrial Research

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Regional aspects. Why?

• In the knowledge-based economy, regional
  diversity is an asset.
• Policies aimed at empowering regions in
  order to face up to the challenge of
  globalisation
• are critically important for their economic
  well being.
• Actions proved that regions themselves
  have a particular interest in measures designed
  to
• support co-operation between SMEs (networking
  clustering activities),
• as well as improving co-operation between
  Regional RD institutions (especially
  Universities and local companies),
• hence enhancing regional innovation systems.

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New policy efforts

• It follows that
• new policy efforts should be made to
  create mechanisms and structures through which
• regional stakeholders can (begin to)
  develop more and new purposeful
  conversations about
• joint solutions to common
  problems.
• Regional governments are well placed to
• co-ordinate policies institutions of the
  regional innovation system
• analyse the needs of regional firms and the
  principal obstacles facing them (including
  raising awareness of the need for innovation).

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Could E.R.D.F. policy and E.U. experiencesbe a
Model?

• Regional Innovation Strategies - 1994-1999
• Exploiting synergies liberating latent
  creativity
• . a two-year regional strategy, 50 (250.000
  ) co-funding from EU
• . where public sector, in partnership with
  private sector,
• plays a role of broker, catalyser, anchor
  tenant
• A three-phase approach
• . building consensus and raising awareness
• . bottom-up and demand-led approaches
• . elaborating a regional strategy.

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R.I.S.Objectives and approach

• The objective of RIS projects was to create the
  most favourable
• regional economic and institutional
  environment
• to foster innovation in SMEs.
• The RIS approach is based on the idea that
• strategic planning developed as an iterative
  process
• built on interactions among regional actors.
• This allows each of these actors to
• progressively maximise synergies and avoid
  duplications
• without top-down dirigisme by a control
  planning authority
• This first set of experiments (more than 30 RIS
  and 25 RIS)
• reinforced a real networking of actors, thanks
  to
• a better identification of the innovation needs.

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Regional Programmes of Innovative
Actions2000-2006

• Continuing the Regional Innovation Strategy
  policy,
• Regional Programmes of Innovative Actions
• (ERDF co-funding 3 M ) are threshold
  endogenous strategies
• Development of the regional economy
• based on Knowledge Technological Innovation
• Help the Regions to develop their competitive
  assets.
• Information Society serving regional
  development
• To contribute to the opening-up of the Regions
• by reducing their handicaps and developing their
  assets.
• Regional Identity Sustainable Development.
• To raise the standard of the living working
  environment of inhabitants.
• To promote the integration of the SMEs in the
  market.

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• In 2001
• 103 European regions,
• out of 156,
• presented a proposal
• 81 have been granted
• co-financing by the ERDF.
• In 2002
• 53 applications
• were received and
• 43 have been granted
• ERDF co-financing.
• In 2003

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KNOWLEDGE PROCESS gt to put in motion a
learning process, validation of new ideas,
in order to face with scepticism and
resistance to INNOVATION
Building Innovation capacity, while the
Economic landscape is reshaped by an active
community leadership and a committed
cohesive private sector
NETWORKING gt with a sustainable
institutional framework, as internal
cross-fertilised networks, built up
public-private partnerships and interpersonal
relations
gt for shared strategies, mobilisation of
actors, in term of common objectives
MOBILISATION
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So, what?Why dont all regions perform?

• Regions expressed a high interest for this
  programme
• They applied on a voluntary and
  competitive basis
• The role of the regional public authorities is to
  create,
• as brokers and animators,
• an environment favourable to the regional
  innovation system.
• Regions are not static, but mutable malleable
• So, actually, there is dramatic dilemma between
• resigned lagging behind regions,
  entitled to automatic support via the
  mechanism of ERDF,
• catching-up regions, recognising the
  Obj. 1 status as a transitory assistance.

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• The perverse effects of
• assistance dependency

Never eliminate the miss-match RDT vs SME
demand . Favour technology-push . Fell
threatened by bottom-up process . Fail to create
a collective inclusive intelligence
NEGLECTING Regional Appropriation and Identity
GRUDGING Knowledge valorisation
Dont stimulate up-take of technologies . Be
over-reliant on external consultants . Never
adopt an applied approach!
Underinvest in Human capital . Dont
translate Science into economic success . Dont
draw ideas from knowledge strategies
EVADING Smart interactive Connections
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• The NEGA-development
• NEGLECT Regional appropriation regional
  identity,
• by preventing regional authorities themselves
• from controlling and shaping the future of their
  region
• EVADE Smart and interactive connections,
• by expressing an opposition, a dislike and a
  disapproval
• on regional actors participation within the
  regional strategy
• GRUDGE Knowledge irrigation,
• by failing to give Innovation the degree of
  attention it deserve and by forgetting to
  disseminate knowledge within enterprises
• ANOMIE of people, firms and the whole
  community,
• by impressing frightening them, and, as a
  result, preventing
• them to move or do anything, except watch the
  picture.

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From NEGA-Development to MOTO-Regions

• From NEGA-development
• To a triggering motion
• Regional appropriation local identity
• Smart and interactive connections
• Knowledge irrigation
• People, Firms and Territories

Public authorities MOVE to
A NEGLECTED
THE U N L O C K I N E R T I A
Public authorities OPEN
An EVADED
Public authorities TRANSFER
A GRUDGED
Public Authorities ORGANISE
An ANOMIE of
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Suitable strategies Help the
communitieshelp themselves

• As a result, regarding this type of
• Public intervention or European policy
• . it is relevant to talk about
  EMPOWERMENT,
• . that is to say Helping communities help
  themselves.
• Empowerment is a concept that emphasises
  development
• . rather from within and self-reliance
• than dependence on external intervention
• . although the latter is seen as enabling
  this to happen.

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Empowermentmay constitutea new European policy

E M P O W E R M E N T
KNOWLEDGE IRRIGATION
Large commitment and consensus through
a Collective intelligence are pre-conditions
for these policies to succeed
A NEW SOCIO-ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE
LOCAL APROPRIATION AND LOCAL IDENTITY
SMART AND INTERACTIVE CONNECTIONS
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Regions as drivers ofinnovation economic
success

• Economic research suggests that
• upgrading knowledge and increasing
  technology diffusion
• at regional level, may provoke one of
• the most efficient routes to
  economic growth.
• Within the European Research Area,
• whose one main objective is to re-invent and
  re-shape the European Research landscape,
• Regions play an active role,
• in creating and using knowledge,
• in bridging the gap between Knowledge
  creators and Knowledge users.

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Strategyfor integrating Regionsin the ERA

• Integrating research policy and regional policy.
• Building research capacity in the region (a wide
  range of community instruments)
• The 5th 6th Framework Programme for RTD
  (2002-2006) providing trans-regional co-operation
  opportunities
• ERDF/RIS-PRAI
• Launching new initiatives
• The Regions of Knowledge, introduced in
  2003 by the European Parliament.

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Launching Knowledge RegionsProgramme

• Launched formally with a call of proposals on
  August 1st, 2003,
• this Programme covers two basic strands
• Integrated Regional Technology Initiatives
• Technology Audits Regional Foresight
• University driven Actions for regional
  development
• Mentoring initiatives, where
  technological advanced regions would
  co-operate with less advanced regions (Obj.
  1), in a kind of mentoring partnerships,
  for a more efficient innovation transfer
  process.
• Supporting activities (workshops and conferences)
• Projects must have at least 3 partners
• coming from 3 different Member states.

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Providing a model ofImplementation

• The budget of the Knowledge regions Programme,
• implemented outside the 6th
  Framework Programme,
• is 2,5 M.
• This Programme aspires to
• develop experimental activities
  involving networks of European regions
• (with the active involvement of
  universities, research centres and business
  community),
• to create Knowledge regions,
• able to provide model regional implementation
  of
• the Lisbon strategy, that is, demonstrate
• the central role of knowledge
• in driving regional development.

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In conclusion, this impliesfrom the side
ofEuropean Regional Policy

• a different approach
• . from essentially check signing and financial
  auditing
• of previously agreed national quotas
• . to open new policy avenues in strategic fields
• which are particularly relevant for their
  economic future
• . to new policy delivery systems and collective
  learning
• in the form of provision for inter-regional
  collaboration
• This is evolving towards
• a truly European Regional Policy
• . working in partnership with the key actors,
• the local public authorities and the private
  sector in particular,

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Net links

• http//www.cordis.lu/era/knowreg.htm
• (The Regions of knowledge Web page)
• http//www.cordis.lu/era/regions.htm
• (Regional Dimension of the ERA)
• http//www.innovating-regions.org/
• (The IRE Network, Innovating regions in Europe)
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/themes/r
  esear_en.htm
• (Structural Funds and Research / Innovation)
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/research/index_en.html
• (DG Research official home page)
• http//europa.eu.int/comm/research/nfp.html
• (The 6th Framework Programme (2002-2006)