A Global Battle Against Obesity

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A Global Battle Against Obesity

• World Health Organization will decide whether to
  adopt an aggressive plan outlining ways nations
  can combat obesity. Suggestions include limiting
  food advertising aimed at children, offering tax
  breaks and subsidies to lower prices of healthful
  foods, improving food labels and trying to curb
  added sugars to just 10 of daily calories. The
  plan also calls on food and beverage companies to
  reduce the fat, salt and sugar content in their
  products.
• The proposal has generated intense criticism from
  the U.S. government, and from the sugar industry,
  grocers, soft-drink makers and big food
  companies, claiming the proposal isn't supported
  by science. But if the World Health Organization
  approves the plan, consumers will see a
  world-wide push to help them improve their diets,
  including international efforts to regulate food
  marketing, pricing and production.

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Consumer Health

• Weight Control

3
Weight Control

• Basic Concepts
• Extent of the Problem
• Weight Loss Drugs, Products, Procedures
• Suggestions for Weight Control

4
US Surgeon General Call to Action

• Overweight and obesity result from an energy
  imbalance. This involves eating too many calories
  and not getting enough physical activity. 
• Body weight is the result of genes, metabolism,
  behavior, environment, culture, and socioeconomic
  status.
• Behavior and environment play a large role
  causing people to be overweight and obese. These
  are the greatest areas for prevention and
  treatment actions.

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What is Overweight Obese?

• Height / Weight Charts
• Frame Size
• Body Mass Index
• Lean Body Mass Index
• Body Composition

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Extent of the Problem

• Healthy People 2010
• CDC

7
Leading Health IndicatorsTen Major Public Health
Issues

• Physical activity
• Overweight and obesity
• Tobacco use
• Substance abuse
• Responsible sexual behavior

• Mental health
• Injury and violence
• Environmental quality
• Immunization
• Access to health care

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Overweight and ObesityLeading Health Indicator

• 7-3b10. Increase the proportion of college
  students who have received information on dietary
  behaviors and nutrition.
• Baseline 32.7, 2010 Target 55
• 19-3. Reduce the proportion of adolescents and
  college student who are overweight and obese.
• Baseline 29.5, 2010 Target 16

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Overweight and ObesityLeading Health Indicator
7-3b1. Increase the proportion of college
students who received information from their
college about dietary behaviors and nutrition
prevention. Targets Baselines Target
setting method National Not applicableCollege
 Better than the best. 32 improvement Our
Campus Better than the best. 28
improvement Data sources National Not
applicable College National College Health
Assessment, Spring 2000Our Campus National
College Health Assessment, Spring 2000
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Overweight and ObesityLeading Health Indicator
19-3. Reduce the proportion of adolescent and
college students who are overweight and
obese. Targets Baselines Target setting
method National Better than the best. 55
improvementCollege Better than the best. 49
improvement Our Campus Better than the best. 51
improvement Data sources National 1988-1994
NHANES, CDC. College  National College Health
Assessment, Spring 2000 Our Campus National
College Health Assessment, Spring 2000
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Overweight and ObesityLeading Health Indicator
Overweight and obesity, United States,198894
In those aged 6 to 19 years, overweight or
obesity is defined as at or above the sex- and
age-specific 95th percentile of Body Mass Index
(BMI) based on CDC Growth Charts United
States. In adults, obesity is defined as a BMI
of 30 kg/m2 or more overweight is a BMI of 25
kg/m2 or more. Source Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for
Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey. 198894.
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1985
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
NOTE the next slides to year 2002 advance every
2 seconds automatically.
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1986
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1987
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1988
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1989
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1990
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1991
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1992
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1993
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1994
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1995
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1996
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1997
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1998
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults1999
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults2000
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults2001
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
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Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults2002
Obesity BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54
woman
(BMI ?30, or 30 lbs overweight for 54 person)
Source Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
System, CDC
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Health Consequences

• High blood pressure, hypertension
• High blood cholesterol, dyslipidemia
• Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes
• Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance
• Hyperinsulinemia

• Coronary heart disease
• Angina pectoris
• Congestive heart failure
• Stroke
• Gallstones

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Health Consquences

• Cholescystitis and cholelithiasis
• Gout
• Osteoarthritis
• Obstructive sleep apnea and respiratory problems
• Some types of cancer
• Complications of pregnancy

• Poor female reproductive health (such as
  menstrual irregularities, infertility, irregular
  ovulation)
• Bladder control problems (such as stress
  incontinence)
• Uric acid nephrolithiasis
• Psychological disorders

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Current Weight Loss Drugs, Products, Procedures

• American Medical Associations Todays Health
  magazine
• Prescriptions injections hypnosis low-calorie,
  high fat, high protein, low carbohydrate, high
  carbohydrate, grapefruit, water, cabbage soup
  diets diet pills diet gum gadgets surgery
• Much of the time emerge defrauded (1972)

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Current Weight Loss Drugs, Products, Procedures

• Low Carb? - South Beach Diet
• The Delicious, Doctor-Designed, Foolproof Plan
  for Fast and Healthy Weight Loss
• The hottest diet craze in the country - The South
  Beach Diet.  It is not low-fat.  Nor is it
  low-carb.  The South Beach Diet teaches you to
  rely on the right carbs and the right fats.  
  Developed by renowned cardiologist Dr. Arthur
  Agatston, the South Beach Diet is a
  scientifically proven program that will not only
  help you lose weight fast - between 8 and 13
  pounds in the first two weeks - but also improve
  your heart health.

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Current Weight Loss Drugs, Products, Procedures

• Low Carb
• High Carb
• Others . . .
• Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, Zone diet

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ADAs What to Ask

• Promise a quick fix?
• Encourage or require you to stop eating certain
  foods, food groups or products?
• Rely on a single study as the basis for its
  recommendations?
• Contradict recommendations of reputable health
  organizations?
• Identify good and bad foods?
• Just sound too good to be true?

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Appropriate Weight Loss Techniques

• A diet that is
• individually planned to help create a deficit of
  500 to 1,000 kcal/day should be an intregal part
  of any program
• aimed at achieving a weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds
  per week.
• Physical activity should be part of a
  comprehensive weight loss therapy and weight
  control program because it
• modestly contributes to weight loss in overweight
  and obese adults
• may decrease abdominal fat
• increases cardiorespiratory fitness
• may help with maintenance of weight loss.

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Appropriate Weight Loss Techniques

• Physical activity as an integral part of weight
  loss therapy and weight maintenance. Initially,
• moderate levels of physical activity for 30 to 45
  minutes
• 3 to 5 days a week, should be encouraged
• accumulate at least 30 minutes or more of
  moderate-intensity physical activity on most, and
  preferably all, days of the week.
• Reduced calorie diet and increased physical
  activity is recommended since it produces weight
  loss that may result in lower abdominal fat and
  increases in cardiorespiratory fitness.

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Reliable Information Sources

• NHLBI Clinical Guidelines
• www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_home.htm
• Aim for Healthy Weight

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Summary

• Basic Concepts
• Extent of the Problem
• Weight Loss Drugs, Products, Procedures
• Suggestions for Weight Control