HEP Roadmap in India relevant to International Design Study for a Neutrino Factory

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HEP Roadmap in India relevant toInternational
Design Study for a Neutrino Factory

• Naba K Mondal
• Tata Institute, India

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• High Energy Physics Activities in
  India
• Ongoing Activities
• Experiments
• DZERO Experiment at Fermilab.
• Belle Experiment at KEK.
• Cosmic ray airshower array at Ooty in South
  India.
• Ground based Gamma Ray array at Pachmarhi, Mt.
  Abu and Hanle.
• Accelerators
• 2.5 GeV Indus-2 light source is currently under
  commissioning. First synchrotron light out of
  Indus-2 on Dec 2, 2005
• Contribution to Large Hadronic Collider (LHC)
  machine
• Decapole and octupole corrector magnets.
• Precision alignment jacks.
• Local protection units for LHC SC magnets.

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• Participation in
  LHC Experiments
• CMS
• (i) Full responsibility for the outer hadron
  calorimeter (HO).
• (i) Contribution towards silicon preshower
  detector ( developed using local industry).
• ALICE
• (i) Photon Multiplicity Detector.
• (ii) Muon Arm Project.
• Grid Computing
• Tier 2 stations at Mumbai and Kolkata.
• Tier 3 at participating institutes.

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• DAE-DST vision document for drawing roadmap for
  High Energy and Nuclear Physics Research in India
• DAE ( Department of Atomic Energy) and DST (
  Department of Science and Technology), Govt. of
  India has taken an initiative to define a roadmap
  of High Energy Physics, Nuclear Physics and
  related accelerator activities in India for the
  next 20 years.
• The aim is to consider possible future big
  projects on the table and also suggest ways to
  generate scientific manpower.
• A community wise meeting was organised recently
  in Mumbai to define this roadmap and the
  recommendations are being finalised. However the
  general consensus reached in the high energy
  physics community is to endorse-
• India-based Neutrino Observatory proposal to
  setup an underground experiment with magnetised
  iron detector.
• Participation in International Linear Collider
  related R D activities.

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• Accelerator Activities Future Projection
• Encouraged by LHC related success, Dept. of
  Atomic Energy ( DAE), Govt. of India and CERN
  have initiated a new cooperation on Novel
  Accelerator Technologies.
• Cern to help our upcoming projects
• Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at RRCAT
• Accelerator Driven System (ADS) at BARC
• DAE to join CERNs Novel Accelerator projects
• SPL, specially LINAC-4, the front end of SPL
• Compact Linear collider ( CLIC) test facility
  CTF3
• Invitation to join ILC accelerator R D effort
  Dialogue has just started

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India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) initiative
Goal A large mass detector with charge
identification capability

• Two phase approach

R D and Construction Phase I Physics
studies, Detector R D, Site survey, Human
resource development Phase II Construction of
the detector
Operation of the Detector Phase I Physics with
Atmospheric Neutrinos Phase II Physics with
Neutrino beam from a factory
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Physics using atmospheric neutrinos during Phase I

• Reconfirm atmospheric neutrino oscillation.
• Improved measurement of oscillation parameters.
• Search for potential matter effect in neutrino
  oscillation.
• Determining the sign of Dm223 using matter
  effect.
• Measuring deviation from maximal mixing for q23.
• Discrimination between nm ? nt and nm ? ns
  oscillation.
• Probing CPT violation.
• Constraining long range leptonic forces.
• Study of high energy muons in cosmic rays.

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Physics with Neutrino beam from NUFACT Phase II

• Determination of q13.
• Sign of Dm223.
• Probing CP violation in leptonic sector.
• Matter effect in nm ? nt oscillation.

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Disappearance of Vs. L/E
The disappearance probability can be measured
with a single detector and two equal sources
1 - sin2 (2Q) sin2 (1.27 Dm2 L/E)
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Matter Effect
Total no. of nm charge current events
Neglecting D21
Where
For positive D31 resonance occurs When r and E
are such that AD31cos2q13 condition is satisfied
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Matter Effect Sign of Dm231
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nm? nt vs nm? ns
nm?nt events will give rise to excess of muon
less events. There will be excess of upgoing
muonless events.
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CPT Violation
The expression for survival probability for the
case of CPTV 2-flavour oscillations
and
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Sign of
Number of wrong-sign muon Events as a function of
Dm223
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Choice of Neutrino Source and Detector

• Neutrino Source
• Need to cover a large L/E range
• Large L range
• Large En Range
• Use Atmospheric neutrinos as source
• Detector Choice
• Should have large target mass ( 50-100 kT)
• Good tracking and Energy resolution ( tracking
  calorimeter)
• Good directionality ( lt 1 nsec time resolution
  )
• Charge identification
• Ease of construction
• Modularity
• Complimentarity with other existing and proposed
  detectors
• Use magnetised iron as target mass and RPC as
  active detector medium

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INO Detector Concept
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Long term stability of RPCs
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Cosmic Muon Test
DAQ
Gas unit
Telescope

• Streamer mode (R134a62,
• Argon30 and the rest Iso-Butane)
• Recording hits, timing, noise rates etc

Stack of 10 RPCs
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Some interesting events tracked
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Location of the Underground Laboratory

• Studies were performed on two potential sites.
• Pykara Ultimate Stage Hydro Electric Project
  (PUSHEP) at Masinagudi, Tamilnadu.
• Rammam Hydro Electric Project Site at Darjeeling
  District in West Bengal.
• INO Site Selection Committee after thorough
  evaluation have now recommended PUSHEP in South
  India as the preferred site for the underground
  lab.

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Status of INO

• An Interim Project Report was written in April
  2005 and this report is now being revised with
  new physics studies and detector R D results.
• This proposal was presented to Scientific
  Advisory Council of Prime Minister of India (
  SAC PM ) in August 2006. Council has supported
  the proposal
• Endorsed in the recently held DAE-DST HEP
  roadmap meeting.
• An international review of this proposal will be
  done soon.

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Summary

• INO
• A large magnetised detector of 50-100 Kton is
  needed to achieve some of the very exciting
  physics goals using atmospheric neutrinos.
• A case for such a detector was highlighted
  earlier by the Monolith Collaboration..
• It will complement the existing and planned water
  cherenkov detectors.
• Can be used as a far detector during neutrino
  factory era.
• We have started a very active R D work towards
  building such a detector.
• Looking for participation from international
  neutrino community.
• International Design Study for a Neutrino
  Factory
• Strong interest for neutrino physics in India.
• INO has physics interest in having a neutrino
  factory in Europe/Japan.
• INO could be a testing ground for operating a
  large magnetised detector.
• Several physicists within INO collaboration have
  started working on neutrino factory related
  physics studies.
• In the area of accelerator R D, India is
  collaborating with CERN for LINAC-4 project.