Nuclei as Laboratories: Nuclear Tests of Fundamental Symmetries

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Nuclei as Laboratories Nuclear Tests of
Fundamental Symmetries

• N. Bell
• V. Cirigliano
• J. Erler
• B. Holstein
• A. Kurylov
• C. Lee
• C. Maekawa

S. Page G. Prezeau S. Profumo S. Tulin B. Van
Kolck P. Vogel S. Zhu
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Nuclear Science
The mission Explain the origin, evolution, and
structure of the baryonic matter of the Universe
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Nuclear Science
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Standard Model unfinished business
How does QCD affect the weak qq interaction? Is
there a long range weak NN interaction?
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Puzzles the Standard Model cant solve

• Origin of matter
• Unification gravity
• Weak scale stability
• Neutrinos

What are the symmetries (forces) of the early
universe beyond those of the SM?
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What are the new fundamental symmetries?

• Why is there more matter than antimatter in the
  present universe?
• What are the unseen forces that disappeared from
  view as the universe cooled?
• What are the masses of neutrinos and how have
  they shaped the evolution of the universe?

Electric dipole moment searches
Precision electroweak weak decays, scattering,
LFV
Neutrino oscillations, 0nbb-decay, q13 ,
Tribble report
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What is the origin of baryonic matter ?
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What is the origin of baryonic matter?
Baryogenesis When? SUSY? Neutrinos? CPV?
Weak scale baryogenesis can be tested by expt
If ruled out more speculative ideas (ns) ?
?
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
Sakharov
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EW Baryogenesis Standard Model
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Baryogenesis New Electroweak Physics
90s Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson
Joyce, Prokopec, Turok
Unbroken phase
CP Violation
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EDM Probes of New CP Violation
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EDM constraints SUSY CPV
Different choices for SUSY parameters
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Unseen Forces Supersymmetry ?

• Unification gravity
• Weak scale stability
• Origin of matter
• Neutrinos

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Weak decays new physics
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Weak decays
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Weak decays new physics
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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Neutrinos ?
LFV LNV ? What is mn ?
Are they their own antiparticles? Why are their
masses so small? Can they have magnetic
moments? Implications of mn for neutrino
interactions ?
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0n bb - decay probes the charge conjugation
properties of the neutrino
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0n bb - decay heavy particle exchange
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LF and LN symmetries of the early universe?
MEG Bm!eg 5 x 10-14
?
MECO Bm!e 5 x 10-17
Also PRIME
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LF and LN symmetries of the early universe?
MEG Bm!eg 5 x 10-14
?
MECO Bm!e 5 x 10-17
Logarithmic enhancements of R
Also PRIME
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0n bb - decay heavy particle exchange
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0n bb - decay effective field theory
We have a clear separation of scales
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0n bb - decay in effective field theory
Operator classification
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0n bb - decay in effective field theory
Operator classification
e.g.
0n bb - decay a b
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0n bb - decay in effective field theory
Operator classification
Chiral transformations SU(2)L x SU(2)R
Parity transformations qL qR
0n bb - decay a b
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0n bb - decay in effective field theory
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An open question
Is the power counting of operators sufficient to
understand weak matrix elements in nuclei ?
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An open question
Is the power counting of operators sufficient to
understand weak matrix elements in nuclei ?
naive
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An open question
Complications

• Bound state wavefunctions (e.g., h.o.) dont
  obey simple power counting
• Configuration mixing is important in heavy nuclei

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Fundamental Symmetries Cosmic History
Standard Model unfinished business
How does QCD affect the weak qq interaction? Is
there a long range weak NN interaction?
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The weak qq force is short range
Use parity-violation to filter out EM strong
interactions
Desplanques, Donoghue, Holstein (DDH)
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Is the weak NN force short range ?
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Is the weak NN force short range ?
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Is the weak NN force short range ?
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Is the weak NN force short range ?
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Hadronic PV Effective Field Theory
PV Potential
Long Range
Short Range
Medium Range
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A program of few-body measurements
Pionless theory
Ab initio few-body calcs
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A program of few-body measurements
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Hadronic PV as a probe

• Determine VPV through O (p) from PV low-energy
  few-body studies where power counting works
• Re-analyze nuclear PV observables using this VPV

• If successful, we would have some indication
  that operator power counting works in nuclei
• Apply to 0nbb-decay

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Conclusions

• Nuclei provide unique and powerful laboratories
  in which to probe the fundamental
  symmetries of the early universe
• RIA will provide opportunities to carry out new
  and complementary experiments whose impact
  can live on well into the LHC era
• A number of theoretical challenges remain to be
  addressed at the level of field theory, QCD,
  and nuclear structure
• New experimental and theoretical efforts in
  nuclear structure physics are a key component of
  this quest