RALF Project

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RALF Project 0104 (Research in Alternative
Livelihood Fund)Jalalabad, Afghanistan

• Funded by DFID ICARDA
• Implemented by
• Relief InternationalAVRDC-The World Vegetable
  CenterInternational Development Enterprises
• Nangarhar University
• Supervised by Ehsanullah Ehsan

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The AVRDC Main Building
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AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center

• Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center
  (AVRDC), now changing to The World Vegetable
  Center, is one of the leading vegetable research
  and development centers in the world.
• Developing vegetable varieties and other
  technologies that increase vegetable production
  and consumption in developing world.
• The only international center focused on
  vegetable research and development.
• Working on the joint RALF-0104 Project in
  Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

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Relief International

• Providing emergency relief, rehabilitation and
  development assistance to victims of natural
  disasters and civil conflicts worldwide.
• Agriculture and economic development, natural
  resource management, education, women and
  development, ICT, micro-enterprise and
  infrastructure development.
• Alternative Livelihoods Programs to reduce
  economic dependency on illicit poppy production
  in eastern Afghanistan.
• Working on the joint RALF-0104 Project in
  Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

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Faculty of Agriculture of Nangarhar University

• Established in 1978
• Five Majors Agronomy, Horticulture, Plant
  Protection, Agricultural Economics, Animal
  Science
• 28 full time senior and junior professors at
  BSc., MSc., and PhD levels.
• 550 students in 2006
• Has given XXXX graduates until 20005.
• Working successfully on the joint RALF-0104
  Project in Nangarhar, Afghanistan

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RALF-0104 Project

• Introduction, Evaluation and Promotion of
  Appropriate Crop Legumes and Vegetables as an
  Alternative to Poppy Cultivation, Processing and
  Trading in Eastern Afghanistan

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Objectives

• To characterize vegetable growing farmers through
  a socioeconomic baseline survey.
• To experiment vegetable variety performance in
  Eastern Afghanistan.
• To experiment fertilizer dozes, spacing,
  irrigation, dates of planting and harvest of
  imported and local vegetable cultivars.
• To introduce low cost green house, drip
  irrigation and other technologies in vegetable
  production in Eastern Afghanistan.
• To advance womens involvement in high value
  vegetable crop production.
• To link farmers and buyers through market fairs.
• To train farmers and extension agents in
  vegetable research and development.
• To develop and disseminate production manuals on
  priority vegetables for Eastern Afghanistan.

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RALF-0104 Project Implementation

• Nangarhar University Research trials for testing
  adaptation, performance and productivity of
  vegetable varieties (onion, garlic, carrots,
  tomato, eggplant, pepper and mungbeans) on
  Nangarhar University Agriculture Research Farm
  (NU ARF).
• Collaborating Farmers Research for variety
  performance and demonstration of technology as
  drip irrigation, off-season vegetable production,
  pruning and thinning, training vegetable plants,
  etc in 10 districts of Nangarhar Province

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Research on NU ARF

• The program has fenced and improved a one hectare
  research site on the campus of Nangarhar
  University.
• Faculty of Agriculture of NU is conducting basic
  research on vegetable varieties in Nangarhar
  conditions.
• Vegetable varieties adaptation, performance and
  production trials conducted on NU Agriculture
  Research Farm under the supervision of Professors
  with help from the senior and junior students.

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NU Agriculture Research Farm before fencing and
improvement
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NU Agriculture Research Farm after fencing and
improvement
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Professors and students transplant eggplant
seedlings for variety performance trial on NU ARF
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Specific vegetable varieties performance trials
on NU ARF

• Carrot seeds rate trial.
• Garlic variety performance trial.
• Onion variety performance trial.
• Tomato variety performance trial.
• Eggplant variety performance trial.
• Pepper variety performance trial.
• Mungbean variety performance trial.

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Plot layout of carrot seed rates trial at NU
Agriculture Research Farm
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Carrots Seed Rates Trial at NU ARF

• Table-1 Effect of seeding rates on carrot yields

LSD at 5 3.516
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Plot Layout of Garlic Variety Performance Trail
at NU ARF
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Garlic Variety Performance Trial on NUARF
LSD at 5 4.83
LSD at 5 2.17
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Nursery and plot layout of onion variety
performance trial at NU ARF
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Onion Variety Performance Trial

LSD at 5 4.83
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Nursery and plot Layout of tomato variety
performance trial at NU ARF
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Tomato Variety Performance Trial
LSD at 5 9.14
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Nursery and plot layout of eggplant variety
performance trial at NU ARF
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Eggplant Variety Performance Trial
LSD at 5 4.48
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Nursery and plot layout of pepper variety
performance trial at NU ARF
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Pepper varieties

• No statistics for pepper varieties

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Mungbean cultivars trial at NU ARF
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Mungbean variety performance trial at NU ARF
LSD at 5 0.019
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Introduction of new technology through the
collaborating farmers

• Protected agriculture
• Drip irrigation
• Vegetable nursery in boxes
• Vegetable seeds multiplication
• Conventional storages

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Zucchini production in a low cost green house
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Cucumber production in a low cost green house
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Tomato production in a low cost green house
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Cilantro production in a low cost green house
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Vegetables seedling production in a low cost
green house
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Low cost drip irrigation technology
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Growing vegetable transplants in boxes
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Vegetable nursery in boxes
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Vegetable seed multiplication with collaborating
farmers

• Onion seed multiplication
• Cauliflower seed multiplication
• Radishes seed multiplication
• Cilantro seed multiplication
• Spinach seed multiplication

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Vegetable (Onion) seed multiplication
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Onion seed multiplication on a collaborating farm
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Cauliflower transplanted for seed multiplication
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White radishes seed multiplication
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Cilantro seed multiplication
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Spinach seed multiplication
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• Ventilated onion storage technology introduced
  from India and implemented by Relief
  International in Hissarak Village of Rodat
  District.

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Surveying a collaborating farmer (L) and entering
the data in the computer (R)
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Training farmers in vegetable production
technology

• Training in class room
• Training on farmers field

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Training collaborating and neighboring farmers in
vegetable production technology in field
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Training farmers in field
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Training collaborating farmers in vegetable
production technology in classroom
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Training farmers in class room
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RALF-0104 Project workshop at Nangarhar
University
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Growing vegetables with collaborating farmers
under RALF supervision

• Garlic production
• Onion production
• Tomato production
• Eggplant production
• Pepper production
• Okra production
• Mungbean production
• Green pea production
• Peanut production
• Cilantro and radishes

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Garlic production on collaborating farms
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Onion production on collaborating farms
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Onion production on collaborating and
neighboring farms a field heavily infested with
Downey Mildew (Peronospora destructor) and thrips
(Thrips tabaci)
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Control Measures

• After identifying the above problems on onions
  the following control measure was prescribed
• Mancozeb, a fungicide, for controlling the Downey
  Mildew.
• Cypermitrine, a semi systemic insecticide, for
  controlling the thrips.

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Tomato production on collaborating farms
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Eggplant production on collaborating farms
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Pepper production on a collaborating farm
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Pepper production on a ollaborating farm
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Mungbean production on a collaborating farm
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Green peas production on collaborating farms
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Peanut production on a collaborating farm
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Peanut production on a collaborating farm
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Fountain F1 Hybrid Cucumbers from Known You
Seed company of Taiwan
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The impact of RALF-0104 Project on Capacity
Building

• Impact on the Capacity Building of Nangarhar
  University
• Impact on the Economic Development of Farming
  Community

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The Impact of RALF-0104 Project on Nangarhar
University Capacity Building

• 1. 12 junior and senior instructors have been
  trained in research project design,
  implementation and recording basic data for
  statistical analysis.
• 2. Two junior instructors have been trained in
  entering data of the socioeconomic baseline
  survey in the computer.
• 3. Six instructors have been trained in
  conducting a socioeconomic baseline survey.
• 4. Three junior instructors have learnt
  sampling, harvesting, measuring yields, taking
  data and recording the comparative performance of
  varieties through the growing /production season.

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Impact on NU Cont

• 5. Three junior instructors are conducting
  research projects on NU ARF for their academic
  promotion.
• 6. About 180 senior and junior students of the
  departments of Horticulture, Agronomy and Plant
  Protection have been working in weeding,
  irrigation, spraying for disease and pest control
  and watching/learning methods of sampling,
  harvesting, measuring yield and taking data.
• 7. The research farm now has the capacity of
  producing clean and fresh agricultural products
  that can be sold at reasonable prices to the NU
  instructors, and support staff which will create
  a cash flow for maintenance and further
  improvement of the farm. It will also help in
  the introduction of improved crop varieties to
  the surrounding communities or even the entire
  eastern Afghanistan.

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Impact on NU Cont

• 8. A research farm at this stage has the
  potential to attract the attention of other
  donors for further expansion and improvement.
• 9. Faculty of Agriculture of NU with the above
  kind of research facility is developing capacity
  of training agrcultural extension agents of
  Nangarhar, Laghman, Kunar and Nuristan provinces.
• 10. ICARDA conducted adaptation and performance
  trial on 15 wheat varieties on
• NU ARF.

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The Impact of RALF-0104 Project on the Economic
Development of Farming Community

• RALF-0104 Project is helping through 25
  collaborating farmers in 10 districts of
  Nangarhar Province which were among the highest
  poppy cultivating areas of the province.
• In 2003 and 2004 most of the good land of these
  districts was cultivated with Opium poppy.
• In 2005 most of the above land was cultivated
  with wheat. Most of the reduction in poppy
  cultivation was due the law enforcement banning
  poppy cultivation.

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Impact on farming community cont..

• Based on the information gathered from farmers
  and merchants, wheat can produce only 1/6 of the
  crop value of poppy per unit area which creates a
  very wide gap and forcing farmers, especially
  small holders to go after illegal opium poppy
  cultivation.
• The above gap needs to be filled or at least it
  should be brought closer.

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Comparison of crop value of opium poppy with a
number of other crops
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To Summarize

• RALF-0104 Project is empowering the farming
  community through helping in
• Finding suitable vegetable crop varieties as
  alternative to poppy cultivation
• Providing key inputs as good seeds
• Providing key services as pest and disease
  control on the principles of IPM
• Introduction and adaptation of new vegetable
  production technology as low cost green houses
  and drip irrigation systems
• Training of farmers in vegetable production
  technology.

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As a Result of RALF-0104

• Vegetable crops as onion, tomato, eggplant,
  pepper, okra, spinach, cucumber and peanut grown
  by the collaborating farmers gave 12.72 to 37.50
  more yield than the same crop if not supported
  by RALF-0104 Project.
• There has been a very clear indication that with
  adding new technology, the yield increase can be
  doubled and the value, especially with off season
  crop production might become two to four times of
  that of the common growers of the neighboring
  farming communities.

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At the EndWe pray and work hard for the
prosperity of the Afghan farming community and
the reconstruction of Afghanistan

• Wassalam
• Ehsanullah Ehsan
• RALF-0104 Project Manager
• AVRDC/Relief International
• Phones 070-625-858 0799-415-616
• E-mail ehsanullahe_at_yahoo.com

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• ?????? 070-625-858, 0799-415-616
• ????????? ehsanullahe_at_yahoo.

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Pictures of vegetables in Jalalabad vegetable and
fruit market
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Fruit section
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Central Market
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On the road side
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Red radishes, leek and cilantro
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Retail vegetable market in Jalalabad
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Carrot
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Green onion and leafy vegetables
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Early onion variety getting ready for market
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Onion early variety
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Onion packed in 100-114kg gunny bags
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Cauliflower
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Visit to a collaborating farmer
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Visit to NU Ag. Research Farm
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The End
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Vegetable seeds of unknown origin in unlabeled
containers sold by weight

• Picture of vegetable seeds of unknown origin in
  unlabeled containers , sold by weight

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Examples of unlabeled vegetable seeds
Tomato
Okra
coriander
Carrot
Leek
Green pea
Pepper
Turnip
Spinach
Egg plant
Onion
Beans
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Vegetable seeds of known origin sold in labeled
packages

• Picture of a shop selling vegetable seeds in
  labeled seed packages.

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Vegetable Seed Multiplication

• A plot of onion bulb transplants for onion seed
  propagation

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Vegetable Seed Multiplication

• A plot of mature cauliflower transplants for
  cauliflower seed propagation

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Vegetable Seed Multiplication
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Vegetable Seed Multiplication
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Vegetable Seed Multiplication

• A plot of mature turnip transplants for turnip
  seed propagation

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Vegetable Seed Multiplication

• A plot of red round radishes transplants for red
  round radishes seed propagation

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Vegetable Seed Multiplication
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TITLE

• Ehsanullah Ehsan
• Country Coordinator
• Afghanistan