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Terrestrial Biomes

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Broadleaf evergreen and deciduous. Open parkland to dense undergrowth. Acacias and ... Mixture of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreens. Figure 20.9 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Terrestrial Biomes


1
Terrestrial Biomes
  • Chapter 20

2
Biogeographical Realms
  • Regions of the world where a group of plant and
    animal species have evolved
  • Correspond to the continents
  • Barriers to migration
  • Topography
  • Climate

Fig. 20.1
3
Biogeographical Realms
http//www.activityvillage.co.uk/images/map.jpg
4
Ecotones
  • The boundary between two ecosystems is an ecotone
  • Transition zone rather than a sharp boundary
  • Zones of shared traits
  • Areas of high biodiversity
  • Area of tension

Fig. 10.14
5
Biomes
  • A biome is a large, stable terrestrial ecosystem
    characterized by specific plant and animal
    communities.
  • Each biome is usually named for its dominant
    vegetation
  • There are six broad biomes on Earth

6
Terrestrial Biomes
  • Forest
  • Savanna
  • Grassland
  • Shrubland
  • Desert
  • Tundra
  • These biomes are divided into more specific
    vegetation units called formation classes
  • Refer to the dominant plants in each terrestrial
    ecosystem

7
Life-Form Designations
  • Bryophytes (mosses, lichens)
  • Epiphytes (use other plants for support)
  • Thallophytes (bacteria, fungi, etc)
  • Trees
  • Lianas (vines)
  • Shrubs
  • Herbs

Based on outward physical properties of
individual plants or the general form and
structure of vegetation cover
8
Major Terrestrial Biomes
Fig. 20.3
9
Earths Major Terrestrial Biomes
  • Equatorial and Tropical Rain Forest  
  • Tropical Seasonal Forest and Scrub  
  • Tropical Savanna  
  • Midlatitude Broadleaf and Mixed Forest  
  • Needleleaf Forest and Montane Forest  
  • Temperate Rain Forest  
  • Mediterranean Shrubland  
  • Midlatitude Grasslands  
  • Deserts  
  • Arctic and Alpine Tundra 

10
Equatorial and Tropical Rain Forest
  • Tropical Climate
  • Warm all year
  • High precipitation
  • Water surplus

Figure 20.5
11
Rainforest Canopy
Fig 20.4
12
Vegetation
Figure 20.5
Figure 20.4
13
Tropical Seasonal Forest Scrub
14
Tropical Seasonal Forest and Scrub
  • Tropical Monsoon, Tropical Savanna climate
  • Seasonal precipitation
  • Variable, warm temp.
  • Seasonal water surplus and deficits

Samburu Reserve Kenya
Figure 20.7
15
Vegetation
  • Transitional between rain forest and grasslands
  • Broadleaf evergreen and deciduous
  • Open parkland to dense undergrowth
  • Acacias and thorn trees

Samburu Reserve Kenya
Figure 20.7
16
Tropical Savanna
17
Tropical Savanna
  • Tropical Savanna climate
  • Precipitation lt 6 mo
  • Water deficits
  • Xerophytic vegetation
  • Fire associated vegetation

NASA Earth Observatory
Serengeti Plains of Tanzania
18
Midlatitude Broadleaf Mixed Forest
19
Midlatitude Broadleaf Mixed Forest
  • Humid Subtropical warm summer climate
  • Humid Continental warm summer
  • Variable precipitation/ summer maximum
  • Temperate w/cold season
  • Mixture of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf
    evergreens

Figure 20.9
20
Needleleaf and Montane Forest
21
Needleleaf and Montane Forest
  • Also called Boreal and Taiga
  • Dominate in high latitudes and altitudes
  • Short growing season
  • Long winters
  • Moderate rainfall
  • Needleleaf conifers
  • Pine
  • Spruce
  • Larch
  • Fir

Figure 20.10
22
Temperate Rainforest
23
Temperate Rain Forest
  • Marine West Coast climate
  • High precipitation
  • Mild temperatures
  • Low tree species diversity
  • Evergreen and deciduous trees
  • Coastal redwoods

Figure 20.13
24
Mediterranean Shrubland
25
Mediterranean Shrubland
  • Mediterranean dry summer climate
  • Cool wet winters
  • Hot, dry summers
  • Short shrubs
  • Sclerophyllous vegetation
  • Grassy woodlands
  • Chaparral vegetation

Figure 20.14
26
Midlatitude Grasslands
27
Midlatitude Grasslands
  • Humid subtropical Humid continental/ hot summer
    climate
  • Continental temperature
  • Tallgrass prairies
  • Shortgrass steppes
  • Grain farming

Figure 20.15
Figure 20.16
28
Warm Deserts
29
Warm Deserts
  • Desert arid climate
  • Little precipitation
  • High temperatures
  • Xerophytic plants
  • Cacti
  • Succulents
  • Dry shrubs

Figure 20.17
30
Cold Deserts
  • Steppe and semi-arid climate
  • Higher latitudes
  • Hot summers
  • Hot days/cool nights
  • Light winter snows
  • Short grass
  • Dry shrubs

http//savanna.lternet.edu
31
Arctic and Alpine Tundra
32
Arctic and Alpine Tundra
  • Tundra, Subartic Climate
  • Cold and dry
  • Dwarf shrubs
  • Sedges
  • Mosses
  • Lichens
  • Short grasses
  • Alpine meadows

Figure 20.18
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