Self

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Self
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Self-schema

• The elements of your self-concept.
• Male, athletic, overweight, smart, nice, etc
• It powerfully affect how we process social
  information, such as how we perceive, remember,
  and evaluate both other people and ourselves.

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Self-reference

• The tendency to process efficiently and remember
  well information related to oneself

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Gender Schema Theory

• An organizational effect on memory, such that
  information consistent with the scheme will be
  easier to remember than counterstereotypic
  events.
• Distortion effect, such that counterstereotypic
  information will tend to be remembered as much
  ore consistent with ones gender scheme than the
  information really is.

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Ideal self

• Images of what we dream of or dread becoming in
  the future.
• It motivate us with specific goals for a vision
  of the life we long for.

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Development of the social self

• Genetic influences
• The roles we play
• The social identifies we form
• The comparisons we make with others ( Big pond
  small fish effect )
• Our successes and failures
• How other people judge us
• The surrounding culture (Individualism vs
  collectivism)

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Voices of modern individualism

• Do your own thing
• Follow your bliss
• If it feels good, do it
• Be true to yourself
• Shun conformity
• Dont force your values on others
• Dont constrain my rights to own guns, distribute
  pornography, do unregulated business

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Voices of modern individualism

• Cut my taxes
• Avoid losing yourself in a codependent
  relationship
• To love others first love yourself
• Prefer solo spirituality to faith communities
• Believe in yourself
• Think differently

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Self knowledge

• How well do we actually know ourselves?
• Explaining our behavior
• Predicting our behavior
• Predicting our feelings

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Explaining our behavior
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Explaining our behavior

• Fake pill (Richard Nisbett and Stanley Schachter
  1996)
• Moods recordings ( Stone 1985 )

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Predicting our behavior

• Will we study hard?
• Will I be with him/her forever?
• Will I follow doctor advises?
• Will I stop playing computer game everyday?
• Will you buy at least one daffodil for charity?

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Predicting our behavior

• Only one in seven occasional smokers predict they
  will be smoking in five years.
• Nearly all the prisoners predict that they wont
  do it again.

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Predicting our behavior

• Can we do better?
• You should consider past behavior in similar
  situations.
• You should predict others actions rather than
  your own.

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Predicting our feelings

• Which are good predictors of your future
  happiness?
• Health Friends
• Religion Reputation
• Job Money
• Age personality
• IQ
• Marriage

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Predicting our feelings

• How would you feel if asked sexually harassing
  questions on a job interview? ( Woodzicka and
  LaFrance 2001)
• When people tested for HIV predict how they will
  feel five weeks after getting the result, then.
• Gilbert asked assistant professors to predict
  their happiness a few years after achieving
  tenure or not, then

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Self-efficacy

• A sense that one is competent and effective.
• More persistent
• Less anxious
• Less depressed
• Healthier
• Academically successful

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Locus of control

• The extent to which people perceive outcomes as
  internally controllable by their own efforts and
  actions or as externally controlled by chance or
  outside forces.

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Locus of control
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Self-esteem

• Overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth

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Low self-esteem

• Risk of depression
• Drug abuse
• Some forms of delinquency
• (Baumeister 2003)

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High self-esteem

• Initiative
• Resilience
• Pleasant feelings

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• Do the people sometimes do bad things conceal
  inner insecurity and low self esteem?

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Dark side of self esteem

• Engage in sexual activity at an inappropriately
  young age
• Gang leaders
• Terrorists