Atlantic MRI

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MRI Based Capillary Pressure Measurement
Derrick Green, President and CTO
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Outline

• Green Imaging Technologies
• NMR/MRI Technology
• New MRI based capillary pressure technology
• Market validation trial

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Calgary, AL
Hibernia
Green Imaging Technologies
Sable Island
Houston, TX
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Green Imaging Technologies (GIT)

• Focus on providing service to industry through
  innovative MRI techniques
• GIT is a system integrator.
• First application is using magnetic resonance
  imaging (MRI) to analyze rock cores for the oil
  industry, specifically, using MRI to obtain
  capillary pressure curves using a single
  centrifuge speed
• GIT integrated solution would not be hardware
  dependant.

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Development Timeline
Patent Filed
First Instrument
Green Imaging Technologies
Beta Trial Methodology
UNB MRI Lab Established
2007
2005
2006
2004
1993
SPE
Concept
SCA
Lab Tests
SCA
PROOF OF CONCEPT
ALPHA TESTING
BETA TESTING
INPUT FROM INDUSTRY
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In the SPE Journal (Aug 2006), the Limited
ability to image the reservoir and the fluid
processes within the reservoir was listed as
the second problem with increasing exploration
efficiency only surpassed by high capital and
operating costs
Graph from Exxon Mobil 2004 yearly report on
energy
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Our Business Solution

• New patent-pending rock core testing method
• Specifically a new method for acquiring capillary
  pressure curves in rock core plug
• 3-5 day test duration versus 1-3 months
• More accurate
• Direct measurement
• More data points

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GITs Products

• We sell an integrated solution. Two main
  products at this point (future products already
  planned).
• GIT-Systems Base software platform that
  contains a common UI, database, report
  generating, etc. Performs T2 Distributions, 1D
  saturation profiles
• GIT-CAP Software Module to perform GITs
  patented MRI based capillary pressure
  measurement.
• GIT-REL - WIP

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NMR/MRI

• Signal acquired from anything with hydrogen (and
  only hydrogen)

H2O
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NMR/MRI

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alters the
  magnetic field to localize the signal (1D, 2D, or
  3D images)
• MRI can directly determine the amount of hydrogen
  (water and oil) at a given location

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NMR/MRI

• Signal lifetimes (T1, T2, T2) depend on
  environment of hydrogen (i.e. Pore space)

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NMR/MRI

• What can NMR/MRI tell us about rocks?
• Total liquid volume (oil water)
• Add this to the helium volume to get total pore
  volume
• Water / Oil content
• Quantify the amount bound and free water
• Water or Oil image (related to pore size)
• Advanced rock properties like capillary pressure

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T2 Distributions

• Total pore volume (?T) Area under fully
  saturated T2 distribution
• Bound volume index (BVI) Area under fully
  desaturated T2 distribution
• Free fluid index (FFI) ?T BVI
• Clay bound water (CBW) Area up to 2.5msec
• Effective pore volume (?TE) ?T CBW
• T2 cuttoff T2 value on fully saturated
  distribution where BVI value occurs

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T2 Distributions
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Capillary Pressure Measurement

• Capillary pressure, Pc, is the
• difference in pressure across two immiscible
  fluids
• Pc is important for understanding the saturation
  distribution in the reservoir and the affects of
  fluid flow through the rock
• Performed on rock cores plugs
• Provides three separate curves, primary drainage,
  imbibition, and secondary drainage.

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Traditional Pc

• Change rotation speed ? to displace fluid
• Assumption Pc(r2) 0
• 10 Speeds required, gt one week measurement
• Complicated analysis process

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MRI Pc (GIT-CAP)

• As few a one centrifuge speed, long core,
  boundary condition maintained
• S(r) directly determined by MRI. Radius r is our
  variable not w. Spin at one speed, save time
• Full capillary pressure curve determined directly
  by the relations of S(r) and Pc(r), no
  approximations

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One Dimensional MRI

• Quantitative fluid content mapping method
  developed at UNB
• 
  tpltltT2
• Distinguish water and oil with D2O
• Ideal for porous media application

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Saturation Distribution
30 saturation data points along sample at each
rotational speed
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MR Pc Curve
Porosity 14.5 Permeability 0.908mD
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GIT-CAP Advantages

• Speed/Throughput Fewer equilibrium speeds, 30
  samples in a centrifuge, Pc curves may be
  acquired dramatically faster
• Accuracy Analytical result, no approximations
• Simpler Desktop centrifuge and desktop 1D
  permanent magnet MRI
• Adaptable Friable and unconsolidated samples may
  be applicable to this new method

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Longer Cores
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Opportunity for the Measurement

• Pc is fundamental to oil/water/gas behavior
• Existing measurements are slow, problematic
  analysis
• Establish a new industry standard for capillary
  pressure measurements
• Move capillary pressure from special to routine
  core analysis measurement

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Pc Instrument Configurations

• Tabletop centrifuge possible with longer core
  plugs
• Simple MRI running UNB MRI measurement
• Turn-key instrument
• Decouple centrifugation and measurement

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GIT-System
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Market Validation Trial (MVT)

• Phase 1
• Conducted at UNB with the support of GIT and
  NSERC.
• Retest older core plugs provided by Oil companies
  and compare results to existing capillary
  pressure results.
• Will run through 2007 but interim results will be
  available
• Wide variety of core types from industry
  participants Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Exxon,
  Shell, Saudi Aramco.

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Market Validation Trial (MVT)

• Phase 2
• On-site in Houston with Bruker equipment at
  CoreLab.
• Conduct side-by-side comparisons of capillary
  pressure curves acquired using GIT-CAP and the
  traditional centrifuge method.
• Currently running - Dec 2006 through May 2007
• Goals
• Generate results required to prove the technology
  to industry
• Deliver a solution the industry wants

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Comparison of Centrifuged Pc and GIT-CAP
Porosity 13.7 Permeability 2.017mD
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Comparison of Centrifuged Pc and GIT-CAP
Porosity 12.8 Permeability 2.32mD
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Comparison of Centrifuged Pc and GIT-CAP
Porosity 14.5 Permeability 0.908mD
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Comparison of Centrifuged Pc and GIT-CAP
Porosity 12.6 Permeability 1.08mD
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Comparison of Centrifuged Pc and GIT-CAP
Porosity 12.6 Permeability 1.08mD
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Contact Information
Thank You
Questions?

• Derrick Green
• President and CTO
• Green Imaging Technologies Inc.
• Derrick.Green_at_greenimaging.com
• (506) 476 2629
• Vaughn McIntyre
• VP Marketing and Sales
• Green Imaging Technologies Inc.
• Vaughn.McIntyre_at_greenimaging.com
• (506) 529 8016