Data Science Training in Hyderabad, Data Science training institutes in Hyderabad

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Introduction to Data Processing System
Presented By
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Data processing system

• A data processing system is a combination of
  machines and people that for a set of inputs
  produces a defined set of outputs. The inputs and
  outputs are interpreted as data, facts,
  information, ... depending on the interpreter's
  relation to the system.

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Types of Data

• Mainly Data is divided into two types1. Numeric
  Data2. Character Data
• 1. Numeric Data
• The data which is represented in the form of
  numbers is known as Numeric Data. This includes
  0-9 digits, a decimal point (.), , /, sign and
  the letters E or D.
• 2. Character Data
• Character data falls into two groups.i. String
  Dataii. Graphical Data
• String DataString data consists of the sequence
  of characters. Characters may be English
  alphabets, numbers or space. The space, which
  separates two words, is also a character. The
  string data is further divided into two types.a.
  Alphabetic Datab. Alphanumeric Data
• Graphical DataIt is possible that pictures,
  charts and maps can be treated as data. The
  scanner is normally used to enter this type of
  data. The common use of this data is found in the
  National Identity Card.

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Information

• A collection of data which conveys some
  meaningful idea is information. It may provide
  answers to questions like who, which, when, why,
  what, and how.or
• The raw input is data and it has no significance
  when it exists in that form. When data is
  collated or organized into something meaningful,
  it gains significance. This meaningful
  organization is informationor
• Observations and recordings are done to obtain
  data, while analysis is done to obtain information

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Data Processing

• Data processing
• Any operation or set of operations performed
  upon data, whether or not by automatic means,
  such as collection, recording, organization,
  storage, adaptation or alteration to convert it
  into useful information.

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Data Processing Cycle

• Once data is collected, it is processed to
  convert it into useful information. The data is
  processed again and again until the accurate
  result is achieved. This is called data
  processing cycle.
• The data processing is very important activity
  and involves very careful planning. Usually, data
  processing activity involves three basic
  activities.
• Input
• Processing
• Output

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Data Processing CycleStep-1

• 1. Input
• It is the process through which collected data
  is transformed into a form that computer can
  understand. It is very important step because
  correct output result totally depends on the
  input data. In input step, following activities
  can be performed.
• i) Verification
• The collected data is verified to determine
  whether it is correct as required. For example,
  the collected data of all B.Sc. students that
  appeared in final examination of the university
  is verified. If errors occur in collected data,
  data is corrected or it is collected again.
• ii) Coding
• The verified data is coded or converted into
  machine readable form so that it can be processed
  through computer.
• iii) Storing
• The data is stored on the secondary storage
  into a file. The stored data on the storage media
  will be given to the program as input for
  processing.

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Data Processing CycleStep-2

• 2.Processing
• The term processing denotes the actual data
  manipulation techniques such as classifying,
  sorting, calculating, summarizing, comparing,
  etc. thatconvert data into information.
• i) Classification
• The data is classified into different groups and
  subgroups, so that each group or sub-group of
  data can be handled separately.
• ii) Storing
• The data is arranged into an order so that it can
  be accessed very quickly as and when required.
• iii) Calculations
• The arithmetic operations are performed on the
  numeric data to get the required results. For
  example, total marks of each student are
  calculated.
• iv) Summarizing
• The data is processed to represent it in a
  summarized form. ft means that the summary of
  data is prepared for top management. For example,
  the summary of the data of student is prepared to
  show the percentage of pass and fail student
  examination etc.

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Data Processing CycleStep-3

• 3. Output
• After completing the processing step, output is
  generated. The main purpose of data processing is
  to get the required result. Mostly, the output is
  stored on the storage media for later user. In
  output step, following activities can be
  performed.
• i) Retrieval
• Output stored on the storage media can be
  retrieved at any time. For example, result of
  students is prepared and stored on the disk. This
  result can be retrieved when required for
  different purposes.
• ii) Conversion
• The generated output can be converted into
  different forms. For example, it can be
  represented into graphical form.
• iii) Communication
• The generated output is sent to different
  places. For example, weather forecast is prepared
  and. sent to different agencies and newspapers
  etc. where it is required.

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Types of data processing systems

• Scientific data processing
• Scientific data processing "usually involves a
  great deal of computation (arithmetic and
  comparison operations) upon a relatively small
  amount of input data, resulting in a small volume
  of output."
• Commercial data processing
• Commercial data processing "involves a large
  volume of input data, relatively few
  computational operations, and a large volume of
  output." Accounting programs are the prototypical
  examples of data processing applications.
• Data analysis
• "Data analysis is a body of methods that help to
  describe facts, detect patterns, develop
  explanations, and test hypotheses." For example,
  data analysis might be used to look at sales and
  customer data to "identify connections between
  products to allow for cross selling campaigns."

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Computer Processing Operations

• A computer can perform only the following four
  operations which enable computers to carry out
  the various data processing activities we have
  just discussed.(a) Input/Output operations
• A computer can accept data (input) from and
  supply processed data (output) to a wide range of
  input/output devices. These devices such as
  keyboards, display screens, and printers make
  human-machine communication possible.

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Computer Processing Operations

• (b) Calculation and text manipulation Operations
• Computer circuits perform calculations on
  numbers. They are also capable of manipulating
  numerics and other symbols used in text with
  equal efficiency.

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Computer Processing Operations

• (c) Logic/Comparison Operations
• A computer also possesses the ability to
  perform logical operations.
• For example, if we compare two items represented
  by the symbols A and B, there are only three
  possible outcomes.A is less than B (AltB) A is
  equal to B (AB) or A is greater than B(AgtB).
• A computer can perform such comparisons and
  the, depending on the result, follow a
  predetermined path to complete its work. This
  ability to compare is an important property of
  computers.

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Computer Processing Operations

• (d) Storage and Retrieval Operations
• Both data and program instructions are stored
  internally in a computer.
• Once they are stored in the internal memory,
  they can be called up quicklyor retrieved, for
  further use.

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Simple example

• A very simple example of a data processing system
  is the process of maintaining a check register.
  Transactions checks and deposits are recorded
  as they occur and the transactions are summarized
  to determine a current balance. Monthly the data
  recorded in the register is reconciled with a
  hopefully identical list of transactions
  processed by the bank.
• A more sophisticated record keeping system might
  further identify the transactions for example
  deposits by source or checks by type, such as
  charitable contributions. This information might
  be used to obtain information like the total of
  all contributions for the year.
• The important thing about this example is that it
  is a system, in which, all transactions are
  recorded consistently, and the same method of
  bank reconciliation is used each time.

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Flowchart of process
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Tasks

• Select application domain (AD)
• Identifying the business environment
• Developing the business charts (two types)
• Developing the static model
• Extracting the sets of objects and relations and
  representation in the forms of communication
  diagrams/ flow charts
• Designing the dialogue structures in the form of
  oriented graph models for 2 3 user classes.

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Report structure

• Annotation
• Contents
• Task
• Brief description of application domain
• Developing the business charts
• Developing the communication diagrams and
  interface tables
• Designing the dialogue structures for several
  user classes
• Resume
• Bibliography

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