The Invisible Minority

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The Invisible Minority
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Overview

• Minority Groups
• The Invisible Minorities
• Sexual Minority
• Risks of Sexual Minority
• Overcome Sexual Minority
• Intellectual Disability

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• Limitations in intellectual disability..!!
• Signs of intellectual disability in children..?
• Causes of intellectual disability
• How can intellectual disability be prevented
• Conclusion

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The Minorities
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Minority Groups

• Minority group is a term referring to
  a category of people differentiated from the
  social majority, i.e. those who hold the majority
  of positions of social power in a society, and
  may be defined by law.
• The differentiation can be based on one or more
  observable human characteristics, including, but
  not limited to ethnicity, race, gender, wealth,
  health or sexual orientation.
• The term "minority" is used to refer to
  categories of persons who hold fewer positions of
  social power.

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And what about them..??
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The invisible...

• Conservative estimates suggest that 5-6 per cent
  of Indias population is affected by one
  disability or the other. In other words, this
  Nation has 60 to 70 million disabled citizens who
  according to me form an Invisible Minority.

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• The disabled citizens of India are invisible not
  because they dont exist!
• They are not seen at market places or cinema
  halls or in parks or in colleges and
  universities because both,

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• The built environment as well as the
  transportation system are not just unfriendly but
  at times hostile.
• Disabled People are not able to venture out
  without compromising their safety and dignity.

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Sexual Minorities

• Sexual minorities are a group whose sexual
  identity, orientation or practices differ from
  the majority of the surrounding society.
• Sexual minorities comprise of lesbian, gay,
  bisexual and transgender individuals.
• Male-female dichotomy in hetero-normative
  societies
• has created havoc in the life of sexual
  minorities thus
• obscuring the fact that they are also human
  beings.

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Risks for the Sexual Minorities...

• Physical health
• Sexual minorities are at high risk for developing
  sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and
  HIV/AIDS.
• (The reason for high prevalence of HIV is
  attributed to re-use of needles and unprotected
  intercourse as part of commercial sex work
  both in hetro- and homo-sexual relationship.)
• They are also high-risk victims of physical,
  sexual, economical and emotional violence from
  the so called normal community.

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Risks for the Sexual Minorities...

• Mental health
• Sexual minorities are at a risk for developing
  emotional disorders because of the stigma and
  discrimination.
• Suicide risk has been shown to be greatly
  elevated for men in same-sex partnerships in
  Denmark.

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Risks for the Sexual Minorities...

• Trans-genders were forced out of their homes or
  chose to leave home because of parental rejection
  or fear of rejection, increasing their risk of
  homelessness, poverty, and associated negative
  sequel.

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Risks for the Sexual Minorities...

• Social well-being
• Extreme social exclusion, discrimination, stigma
  and atrocities diminish self-esteem and sense of
  social responsibility.

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Overcome Sexual Minorities

• If clinicians elicit information about sexual
  orientation and gender identity from their
  patients through thoughtful, non-judgemental
  discussion and history-taking.

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Overcome Sexual Minorities

• Have an inclusive clinical environment, standards
  for clinician-patient communication, sensitive
  documentation of sexual orientation, knowledge
  for cultural awareness, staff training, and
  addressing population health issues.

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Intellectual Disability

• Intellectual disability (ID)
• once called mental retardation.
• characterized by below-average intelligence or
  mental ability and a lack of skills necessary for
  day-to-day living.

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• People with intellectual disabilities can and do
  learn new skills, but they learn them more
  slowly.
• There are varying degrees of intellectual
  disability, from mild to profound.

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Limitations in intellectual disability..!!

• Someone with intellectual disability has
  limitations in two areas. These areas are
• Intellectual functioning  Also known as IQ, this
  refers to a persons ability to learn, reason,
  make decisions, and solve problems.
• Adaptive behaviours. These are skills necessary
  for day-to-day life, such as being able to
  communicate effectively, interact with others,
  and take care of oneself.

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Signs of intellectual disability in children..?

• Rolling over, sitting up, crawling, or walking
  late
• Talking late or having trouble with talking
• Slow to master things like potty training,
  dressing, and feeding himself or herself
• Difficulty remembering things
• Inability to connect actions with consequences
• Behaviour problems such as explosive tantrums
• Difficulty with problem-solving or logical
  thinking.

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Other Health Problems

• Seizures
• mood disorders (anxiety , autism , etc.)
• motor skills impairment
•  vision problems
• hearing problems.

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Causes of intellectual disability

• Genetic conditions. These include things
  like Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome.
• Problems during pregnancy. Things that can
  interfere with fetal braindevelopment include
  alcohol or drug use, malnutrition, certain
  infections, orpreeclampsia.

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Causes of intellectual disability

• Problems during childbirth. Intellectual
  disability may result if a baby is deprived of
  oxygen during childbirth or born extremely
  premature.

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Causes of intellectual disability

• Illness or injury. Infections like meningitis, who
  oping cough, or the measlescan lead to
  intellectual disability. Severe head injury,
  near-drowning, extreme malnutrition, exposure to
  toxic substances such as lead, and severe neglect
  or abuse can also cause it.

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..

• In two-thirds of all children who have
  intellectual disability, the cause is unknown.

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How can intellectual disability be prevented

•  Pregnant women shouldnt drink alcohol.
•  Getting vaccinated against certain infectious
  diseases
• Genetic testing before conception.
• Tests, such as ultrasound and amniocentesis, be
  performed during pregnancy.

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Services available for people with intellectual
disability

• For babies and toddlers, early intervention
  programs are available.

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• We have left this 6 of our population totally
  behind. To the point that they, our own brothers
  and sisters, are no longer visible.

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So, for how long are we going to ignore the facts
and the realities?
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Conclusion !!

• Let us be honest and admit that we have made
  mistakes. 
• Let us join hands, the disabled and the
  non-disabled, to build an India that we can all
  be proud of. 

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References

• www.indiatogether,com
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3657897/
• www.ascd.org
• www.dnis.org
• www.google.com
• www.sexualhealthcare.net
• www.heathcare.in
• Newspaper(Times Of India)
• Newspaper(Hindustan Times)

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• Akash Mitra

• Arghyadeep Sarkar

• Arijit Goswami

• Avinash Pandey

• Kaustav Karmakar

JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani
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Thank You