Auto Power Supply from 4 Different Sources using PIC

1
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
2
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Introduction

• The main objective of this project is to provide
  uninterrupted power supply to a load,
  by selecting the supply source automatically from
  any available one  out of 4 such as mains,
  generator, inverter and solar in the absence of
  power supply. The demand for electricity is
  increasing every day and frequent power cut is
  causing many problem in various areas like
  industries, hospitals and houses. An alternative
  arrangement for power source is thus desirable.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
3
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Block Diagram
http//www.edgefxkits.com/
4
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Hardware Requirements

• PIC16F8 series Microcontroller
• Relay Driver IC
• Relays
• LCD
• Lamp
• Push Buttons
• Transformer
• Diodes
• Voltage Regulator
• Crystal
• LEDS
• Capacitors
• Resistors.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
5
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Software Requirements

• MPLAB CCS C Compiler
• Languages Embedded C or Assembly

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
6
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Embedded System

• Embedded System is a combination of hardware and
  software used to achieve a single specific task.
• An embedded system is a microcontroller-based,
  software driven, reliable, real-time control
  system, autonomous, or human or network
  interactive.
• Operating on diverse physical variables and in
  diverse environments and sold into a competitive
  and cost conscious market. 

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
7
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Embedded System

• An embedded system is not a computer system that
  is used primarily for processing, not a software
  system on PC or UNIX, not a traditional business
  or scientific application.
• High-end embedded lower end embedded systems.
• High-end embedded system - Generally 32, 64 Bit
  Controllers used with OS.
• Examples Personal Digital Assistant and Mobile
  phones etc .

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
8
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Embedded System

• Lower end embedded systems - Generally 8,16 Bit
  Controllers used with an minimal operating
  systems and hardware layout designed for the
  specific purpose.
• Examples Small controllers and devices in our
  everyday life like Washing Machine, Microwave
  Ovens, where they are embedded in.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
9
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Characteristics of Embedded System

• An embedded system is any compute system hidden
  inside a product other than a computer.
• There will encounter a number of difficulties
  when writing embedded system software in addition
  to those we encounter when we write applications.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
10
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Applications of Embedded System

• Throughput
• Our system may need to handle a lot of data in a
  short period of time.
• Response
• Our system may need to react to events quickly.
• Testability
• Setting up equipment to test embedded software
  can be difficult.
• Debugability
• Without a screen or a keyboard, finding out what
  the software is doing wrong (other than not
  working) is a troublesome problem.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
11
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Applications of Embedded System

• Reliability
• Embedded systems must be able to handle any
  situation without human intervention.
• Memory space
• Memory is limited on embedded systems, and you
  must make the software and the data fit into
  whatever memory exists.
• Program installation
• You will need special tools to get your software
  into embedded systems.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
12
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Micro Controller

• Compatible with MCS-51 products
• 8K bytes of in-system programmable (ISP)
• flash memory
• 4.0V to 5.5V operating range
• Crystal frequency 11.0592mhz
• Three-level program memory lock
• 256 x 8-bit internal RAM
• 32 programmable I/O lines

AT89S52
http//www.edgefxkits.com/
13
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Relay

• It is A electro magnetic switch
• Used to control the electrical devices
• Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
14
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Relay Driver ULN2003

• ULN is relay driver application
• The ULN2003 is A monolithic high voltage and high
  current darlington transistor arrays.
• It consists of seven NPN darlington pairs that
  features high-voltage outputs with common-cathode
  clamp diode for switching inductive loads.
• The collector-current rating of a single
  darlington pair is 500ma.
• The darlington pairs may be paralleled for higher
  current capability.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
15
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Relay Driver ULN2003

• The ULN functions as an inverter.
• If the logic at input 1b is high then the output
  at its corresponding pin 1c will be low.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
16
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Circuit Diagram
http//www.edgefxkits.com/
17
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Circuit Description

• The circuit diagram of A simple 100 watt inverter
  using IC CD4047 and MOSFET IRF540
• Cd4047 is a low power CMOS astable multivibrator
  ic
• Here it is wired as an astable multivibrator
  producing two pulse trains of 0.01s which are 180
  degree out of phase at the pins 10 and 11 of the
  IC.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
18
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Bridge Rectifier

• A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or
  more) diodes in a bridge circuit configuration.
• It provides the same polarity of output for
  either polarity of input.
• When used in its most common application, for
  conversion of an alternating current (AC) input
  into a direct current (DC) output.
• It is known as a bridge rectifier.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
19
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Bridge Rectifier

• A bridge rectifier provides full-wave
  rectification from a two-wire AC input.
• Resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to
  a rectifier with a 3-wire input from a
  transformer with a center-tapped secondary
  winding.
• According to the conventional model of current
  flow, current is assumed to flow through
  electrical conductors from the positive to the
  negative pole. 

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
20
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Voltage Regulator

• A voltage regulator is designed to automatically
  maintain a constant voltage level.
• A voltage regulator may be a simple
  "feed-forward" design or may include negative
  feedback control loops.
• It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or
  electronic components.
• Depending on the design, it may be used to
  regulate one or more AC or DC voltages.
• Electronic voltage regulators are found in
  devices such as computer power supplies.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
21
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Voltage Regulator

• Where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the
  processor and other elements.
• In automobile alternators and central power
  station generator plants, voltage regulators
  control the output of the plant.
• In an electric power distribution system, voltage
  regulators may be installed at a substation or
  along distribution lines.
• So that all customers receive steady voltage
  independent of how much power is drawn from the
  line.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
22
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Voltage Regulator

• 7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit.
  It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear
  voltage regulator ICs.
• The voltage source in a circuit may have
  fluctuations and would not give the fixed voltage
  output.
• The voltage regulator IC maintains the output
  voltage at a constant value.
• The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage
  it is designed to provide 7805 provides 5V
  regulated power supply.
• Capacitors of suitable values can be connected at
  input and output pins depending upon the
  respective voltage levels.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
23
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Working Principle

• This project uses an arrangement of 4 different
  sources of supply which are channelized to a load
  so as to have an uninterrupted operation of the
  load.
• As it is not practicable to get 4 sources of
  supply such as mains supply, generator supply,
  inverter supply.
• And Solar supply, we used one source and a set of
  relays.
• We have taken first source with mains supply and
  assumed as if being fed from 4 different sources
  by connecting all the 4 incoming sources in
  parallel.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
24
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Working Principle

• The ac source to the lamp is connected to four
  relays by making the entire normally open
  contacts parallel and all the common contacts in
  parallel. 
• 4 push button switches are used which represent
  failure of corresponding supply respectively and
  are interfaced to the controller.
• Initially we have given high input signal to the
  microcontroller, so as a result the controller
  generates a low output to activate the first
  relay driver.
• Which will result in the relay being energized
  and the lamp glows.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
25
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Working Principle

• While the push button for mains is pressed that
  represents failure of mains supply as a result
  the supply is provided from the next source
• And the microcontroller receive high input and
  generates low output to activate the second relay
  driver.
• Which will result in the second relay being
  energized and the lamp glows .
• When we press the generator button, it indicates
  the generator fails to operate and the supply
  comes from the next source.
• The next source will supply high input to the
  controller and which will provide low signal to
  the third relay and the lamp switches ON.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
26
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Working Principle

• When we press the third push button the supply
  will chose next source now the fourth source will
  provide input to the microcontroller.
• Controller activates the fourth relay and the
  load will get the supply and the  lamp continues
  to glow.
• When all the relays are off leaving no supply to
  the lamp, the lamp is switched off.
• One 16 x 2 lines LCD is used to display the
  condition of the supply sources and the load on
  real time basis.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
27
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Applications

• Power supply can be control in
• Industries
• Hospitals
• Schools
• Multiplexes
• Banks etc.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
28
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Advantage

• Power supply can be controlled from four
  different sources.
• if any problem occurred in one source then other
  sources can be used.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
29
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Disadvantages

• Cost of equipment is very high.
• Its very difficult to install and maintain the
  kit.

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
30
Auto Power Supply Control from 4 Different
Sources using PIC Microcontroller
Conclusion

• The main scope of this project is to provide a
  continuous power supply control to the output
  load through any of the sources from which we are
  operating the device, i.e. , generator, and
  inverter and solar automatically in the absence
  of any of the source. The complete operation of
  Auto power supply control from 4 different
  sources is based on the microcontroller. This
  project is a low-cost, reliable, effective and
  efficient system. 

http//www.edgefxkits.com/
31
http//www.edgefxkits.com/