The Use of Structural Columns and Beams in Modern Construction.

1
The Use of Structural Columns and Beams in Modern
Construction.

• The column-beam-slab system has become an
  inherent part of the modern day construction
  work. This system originated in the Egyptian
  civilization and had been absorbed into the Roman
  culture thereafter. In this system the load of a
  slab is transferred into the column through a
  beam and then down to the foundation and to
  supporting soil. Tuscan columns are a type of
  Roman columns and are examples of classic
  architecture.

2
Columns

• A column is such a vertical structure that is
  designed to transmit compressive load from the
  roof to the foundation. Thus the design of a
  column is of uttermost importance otherwise it
  can lead to the collapse of a structure. Thus,
  columns are made of steel, fibre-reinforced
  polymer, wood, aluminium, cellular PVC and so on.
  The material to be used depends on the cost,
  application and scale of construction.

3

• Columns can be classified based on the
  slenderness ratio, shape, pattern of lateral
  reinforcement and type of loading.
• Based on slenderness ratio, columns are
  classified into slender or long column (This
  type of column fails by buckling and in it the
  length is larger than critical buckling length)
• intermediate and short columns (This type of
  column fails by shearing and in such a type of
  column the length is shorter than critical
  buckling length).

4

• Based on shape, columns are classified into
  square, circular, polygonal or rectangular.
• Based on the type of loading, columns can be
  axially loaded column, un-axial bending and axial
  loaded column and biaxial bending and axial
  loaded columns.
• Columns can be classified into tied and spiral
  columns based on the pattern of the lateral
  reinforcement.
• A RCC or reinforced concrete column is a
  structural member with steel frame or
  reinforcement bars that is composed of the
  concrete, designed to carry out the compressive
  loads.

5
Beams

• Beams are structural members that span
  horizontally between the supports and carry loads
  which act at right angles to length of the beams.
  They are subjected to internal and external
  forces. There are several types of beams, like
  the fixed beam, supported beam, continuous,
  cantilever and overhanging beams.

6

• If anyone is interested in hosting a grand
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