Muscular dystrophy: Group of more than 30 inherited diseases.

1
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (MD)

• CAUSES SYMPTOMS TREATMENTS

2
What is Muscular Dystrophy ?

• Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of more than
  30 inherited diseases. It causes weakening and
  breaking down of muscle fibres. The muscles
  become weak and susceptible to damage.
• This disease affects the voluntary or skeletal
  muscles, which control the movements of legs,
  arms, and trunk.
• It can also affect the heart muscles and other
  involuntary muscles, such as muscles in the gut.
• Some forms of muscular dystrophy are found in
  infancy or childhood, while some may not appear
  until middle age. This progressive disease is
  more common in boys than girls.

3
Types of Muscular Dystrophy

• The most common types of MD that affect children
  include Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) and
  Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). They result
  from a genetic deficiency of the muscle protein,
  dystrophin. Other common types of muscular
  dystrophy are
• Congenital muscular dystrophy
• Myotonic muscular dystrophy
• Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
• Distal muscular dystrophy
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

4
Causes of Muscular Dystrophy

• Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder caused
  by a defective gene. Each type of muscular
  dystrophy is caused by a genetic mutation. A
  genetic deficiency of muscle protein, namely
  dystrophin is also responsible for the most
  common types of muscular dystrophy.

5
Symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy

• Signs and symptoms vary with every type but some
  common are
• progressive muscular wasting,
• Drooping eyelids, Atrophy,
• Scoliosis,
• Inability to walk, Frequent falls
• limited range of movement,
• Respiratory difficulty, Joint contractures,
• Cardiomyopathy, Arrhythmias,
• Muscle spasms,
• Gowers' sign.

6
Diagnosis of Muscular Dystrophy

• Family history
• Blood test
• Electromyography
• Muscle biopsy
• Histopathology
• DNA test
• Gene sequencing
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

7
Treatments of Muscular Dystrophy

• In fact, there is no cure for any type of
  muscular dystrophy. A treatment is given to slow
  the progress of the disease. It is designed to
  reduce or prevent the deformities in the spine
  and joints.
• Various treatment options include medications
  such as mexiletine, baclofen, carbamazepine and
  anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in order to
  manage muscle weakness, spasms, and stiffness,
  and improve muscle strength, physical therapy,
  assistive devices, and surgery.
• Physical therapy focuses on providing regular
  range-of-motion exercises to delay the
  progression of contractures and keep the joints
  flexible.
• Some assistive devices such as braces, walkers,
  canes, and wheelchairs help maintain the mobility
  and independence. A tendon release surgery is
  advised in order to release the contractures.

8
Preventions of Muscular Dystrophy

• This disease is genetic, and there is no cure,
  therefore, there are no ways to prevent it
• Children can only get if a parent is a carrier.
• Genetic testing to see if you are a carrier.

9
Cure of Muscular Dystrophy

• There's no cure for any form of muscular
  dystrophy. But treatment can help prevent or
  reduce problems in the joints and spine to allow
  people with muscular dystrophy to remain mobile
  as long as possible. Treatment options include
  medications, physical therapy, and surgical and
  other procedures.

10
For More Updates

• Logon
• www.lazoi.com
• Like us on Facebook
• https//www.facebook.com/LazoiTheLife/
• Follow us on Twitter
• https//twitter.com/lazoithelife
• Follow us on Pinterest
• https//www.pinterest.com/lazoithelife/