Gallbladder Cancer Treatment at Top Cancer Hospitals in India

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Gallbladder Cancer Treatment Hospitals
in India


Gallbladder cancer is very uncommon. Women are
more likely to have gall bladder cancer than men.
The risk increases with increasing age. It is
more common in patients who have stones in the
gall bladder, the risk being about 1. Other
diseases of the gall bladder, such as, porcelain
(calcified) gallbladder, choledochal (bile duct)
cyst and chronic gallbladder infection also
increase the risk of gall bladder cancer. It's
not clear what causes gallbladder cancer. Most
gallbladder cancer begins in the cells that line
the inner surface of the gallbladder and is
called as adenocarcinoma. Gall bladder cancer
tends to spread to nearby organs and tissues such
as the liver, bile ducts or small intestine. It
also spreads to lymph nodes in the region of the
liver. Ultimately, distant organs and lymph nodes
can become involved.

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Stages of Gallbladder Cancer
  Stage 0 (carcinoma in Situ)  Abnormal cells
are found in the inner (mucosal) layer of the
gallbladder these abnormal cells may become
cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue  
Stage I  Cancer has formed and has spread beyond
the inner (mucosal) layer to a layer of tissue
with blood vessels or to the muscle layer  
Stage II  Cancer has spread beyond the muscle
layer to the connective tissue around the
muscle.   Stage IIIA  Cancer has spread through
the thin layers of tissue that cover the
gallbladder and/or to the liver and/or to one
nearby organ (eg, stomach, small intestine,
colon, pancreas, or bile ducts outside the
liver)   Stage IIIB  Cancer has spread to
nearby lymph nodes and beyond the inner layer of
the gallbladder to a layer of tissue with blood
vessels or to the muscle layer or beyond the
muscle layer to the connective tissue around the
muscle   Stage IVA  Cancer has spread to a main
blood vessel of the liver or to 2 or more nearby
organs or areas other than the liver.   Stage
IVB  Cancer has spread to either lymph nodes
along large arteries in the abdomen and/or near
the lower part of the backbone or to organs or
areas far away from the gallbladder.

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Diagnosis of Gallbladder Cancer  
Physical Examination and History   Liver
Function Tests   Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
Assay   CT Scan (CAT Scan)   Ultrasound Exam  
PTC (Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography)  
ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogra
phy)   Biopsy   Laparoscopy

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Treatment for Gall Bladder Cancer in
India Surgery Surgeons will use a camera and
miniature instruments inserted through tiny
incisions in the abdomen (laparoscopic surgery)
to see if the tumor has spread (metastasized).
Surgery options include .  Simple
cholecystectomy If the tumor is very small and
has not spread to the deeper layers of
gallbladder tissue, the surgeon may use this
procedure, which removes only the gallbladder.
Occasionally this procedure can be done using
laparoscopic surgery.   Extended
cholecystectomy. This is the most commonly
performed surgery, involving removal of the
gallbladder, the liver tissue next to it, and
nearby lymph nodes.
Radiotherapy Radiotherapy treats cancer by using
high-energy x-rays that destroy the cancer cells
while doing as little harm as possible to normal
cells. It is occasionally used for cancer of the
gall bladder. It can either be given externally
from a radiotherapy machine or internally by
placing radioactive material close to the tumour
(brachytherapy).

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