Swallowing disorder (dysphagia) in children- Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Swallowing disorder (dysphagia)

• SYMPTOMS CAUSES DAIGNOSIS TREATMENT

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INDTRODUCTION TO SWALLOWING DISORDER (DYSPHAGIA)

• Difficulty swallowing is also called dysphagia
• It is usually a sign of a problem with your
  throat or esophagus, the muscular tube that moves
  food and liquids from the back of your mouth to
  your stomach.
• Although dysphagia can happen to anyone, it is
  most common in older adults, premature babies,
  and people with problems of the brain and nervous
  system.

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CAUSES OF SWALLOWING DISORDER (DYSPHAGIA)

• Damage to any of the organs, muscles, or nerves
  involved in the swallowing process leads to
  dysphagia. Some of the causes are listed below
• Damage to brain or nervous system Nervous system
  disorders like, stroke, Parkinson's disease,
  cerebral palsy, motor neurone disease, and
  multiple sclerosis may cause dysphagia, if any
  nerve involved in the swallowing process is
  affected.
• CHILDREN - Foreign body and congenital
  malformation

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CONTINUR - CAUSES OF SWALLOWING DISORDER
(DYSPHAGIA)

• Structural problems Narrow oesophagus, large
  tongue, cleft lip, large tonsils and dental
  problems are some structural disorders that make
  chewing or swallowing of food difficult, thereby
  leading to dysphagia.
• Muscular Damage Muscular disorders like muscular
  dystrophy can affect the muscles involved in the
  process of swallowing, thus causing dysphagia.
  Scleroderma and achalasia are other causes,
  wherein they may affect the oesophagus, thus
  leading to dysphagia.

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SYMPTOMS OF SWALLOWING DISORDER (DYSPHAGIA)

• Every child suffering from dysphagia may show
  different symptoms. The following are some of the
  symptoms that are observed
• Babies suffering from dysphagia are unable to
  coordinate sucking and swallowing breast- or
  bottle-milk. They may arch their bodies, while
  feeding.
• Taking a long time to eat.
• Drooling, vomiting, or coughing, frequent
  sneezing after eating or difficulty in chewing
  food.
• Unable to coordinate breathing with eating and/or
  drinking.
• Change in voice before or after eating.

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DAIGNOSIS OF SWALLOWING DISORDER (DYSPHAGIA)

• Oral-pharyngeal video swallow The child is fed
  any liquid or solid food that contains barium.
  Barium, a non-toxic element, is used as it
  visible on X-rays. The X-ray helps to examine
  what exactly happens when the child swallows
  food.
• Barium swallow The child is given liquid
  containing barium, and X-rays are taken. Any
  problems in mouth, oesophagus, or stomach are
  noted. This test helps to know the exact cause of
  the swallowing problem.
• Endoscopy The child is given anaesthesia, and an
  endoscope is inserted in the digestive track. An
  endoscope is a flexible pipe with a light and a
  camera at the inserted end. Images of the mouth,
  oesophagus and stomach are taken to locate the
  problem.

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TREATMENT OF SWALLOWING DISORDER (DYSPHAGIA)

• Dysphagia in children can be treated but the
  treatment will differ for every child. Age,
  health, medical history of the child are factors
  considered while giving the treatment. The
  severity of the disease is also an important
  factor. Speech and occupational therapies are
  some of the treatments given to such children.
  These include exercises that help in swallowing.
  Some children may be hospitalized, if the
  condition is severe.
• Dysphagia in children gives rise to other health
  problems. If the form of the disease is severe,
  it needs urgent treatment. If he/she is suffering
  from dysphagia, consult a paediatrician at the
  earliest.

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