Arteriovenous Malformations Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk factor, Prevention Treatment in India

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Arteriovenous Malformations
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What are Arteriovenous Malformations?

• Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart
  and the arteries carry oxygenated blood from the
  heart to the brain. Arteriovenous
  Malformations interrupt this process.
  Arteriovenous Malfunctions may occur in the
  spinal cord, brain or the brain stream. The only
  main cause of Arteriovenous Malfunctions is a
  genetic disorder passed on by parents.
• Normally, arteries carry blood containing oxygen
  from the heart to the brain, and veins carry
  blood with less oxygen away from the brain and
  back to the heart. When an arteriovenous
  malformation (AVM) occurs, a tangle of blood
  vessels in the brain or on its surface bypasses
  normal brain tissue and directly diverts blood
  from the arteries to the veins.

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What are Arteriovenous Malformations?
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• An arteriovenous malformation can develop
  anywhere in your body but occurs most often in
  the brain or spine. Even so brain Arteriovenous
  Malformations (AVM) is rare and affects less than
  1 percent of the population.
• Some people with brain arteriovenous
  malformation (AVM) experience signs and symptoms,
  such as headache or seizures. Arteriovenous
  malformations (AVM) are commonly found after a
  brain scan for another health issue or after the
  blood vessels rupture and cause bleeding in
  the brain (hemorrhage).
• Once diagnosed, a brain arteriovenous
  malformation (AVM) can often be treated
  successfully to prevent complications, such as
  brain damage or stroke.

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Symptoms

• What is the cause of Arteriovenous Malformation?
• The cause of brain Arteriovenous Malformation
  (AVM) is unknown, but researchers believe most
  brain Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) emerges
  during fetal development.
• Normally, your heart sends oxygen-rich blood to
  your brain through arteries. The arteries slow
  blood flow by passing it through a series of
  progressively smaller networks of blood vessels,
  ending with the smallest blood vessels
  (capillaries). The capillaries slowly deliver
  oxygen through their thin, porous walls to the
  surrounding brain tissue.
• The oxygen-depleted blood then passes into small
  blood vessels and then into larger veins that
  drain the blood from your brain, returning it to
  your heart and lungs to get more oxygen.
• The arteries and veins in an Arteriovenous
  Malformation (AVM) lack this supporting network
  of smaller blood vessels and capillaries.
  Instead, the abnormal connection causes blood to
  flow quickly and directly from your arteries to
  your veins, bypassing the surrounding tissues.

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Treatment

• What is the cost for the treatment of
  Arteriovenous Malformation in India?
• The cost for the treatment of Arteriovenous
  Malformation in India is approx 8 lakhs.
• Which specialty of doctor is to be consulted for
  the treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation in
  India?
• Vascular neurosurgeons specialize in surgically
  removing brain Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM).
• Radiation therapists/neurosurgeons specialize in
  the stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of brain
  Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM).
• Interventional neuroradiologists/endovascular
  neurosurgeons specialize in the endovascular
  therapy of brain Arteriovenous Malformation
  (AVM).
• Stroke neurologists specialize in the medical
  management of brain Arteriovenous Malformation
  (AVM).

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Treatment
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• These specialties of doctor are to be consulted
  for the treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation
  in India.
• Which hospital is to be preferred for the
  treatment of Arteriovenous Malformation in India?
• Medanta - The Medicity hospital in India is to
  be preferred for the treatment of Arteriovenous
  Malformation in India.

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FAQ's

• 1. What are the symptoms of Arteriovenous
  Malformation?
• A brain arteriovenous malformation may not cause
  any signs or symptoms until the Arteriovenous
  Malformations (AVM) ruptures, resulting in
  bleeding in the brain (hemorrhage). In about half
  of all brain Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM),
  hemorrhage is the first sign.
• But some people with brain Arteriovenous
  Malformations (AVM) may experience signs and
  symptoms other than bleeding related to the
  Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM).
• In people without hemorrhage, signs and symptoms
  of a brain Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) may
  include
• Seizures
• Headache or pain in one area of the head
• Muscle weakness or numbness in one part of the
  body

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FAQ's
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• Some people may experience more-serious
  neurological signs and symptoms, depending on the
  location of the Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM),
  including
• Severe headache
• Weakness, numbness or paralysis
• Vision loss
• Difficulty speaking
• Confusion or inability to understand others
• Severe unsteadiness
• Symptoms may begin at any age but usually emerge
  between ages 10 and 40. Brain Arteriovenous
  Malformations (AVM) can damage brain tissue over
  time. The effects slowly build up and often cause
  symptoms in early adulthood.
• Once you reach middle age, however, brain
  Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) tends to remain
  stable and is less likely to cause symptoms.

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FAQ's
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• Some pregnant women may have worsened symptoms
  due to changes in blood volume and blood
  pressure.
• One severe type of brain Arteriovenous
  Malformation (AVM), called a vein of Galen
  defect, causes signs and symptoms that emerge
  soon or immediately after birth. The major blood
  vessel involved in this type of brain
  Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) can cause fluid
  to build up in the brain and the head to swell.
  Signs and symptoms include swollen veins that are
  visible on the scalp, seizures, failure to thrive
  and congestive heart failure.
• 2. Who is at the risk for Arteriovenous
  Malformations?
• There are certain genetic syndromes that can put
  you at increased risk of having Arteriovenous
  Malformations (AVM), such as hereditary
  hemorrhagic telangiectasia or Osler-Weber-Rendu
  syndrome. There have been rare reports of
  Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) in several
  family members, though it's unclear if this is
  genetic or coincidental.

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FAQ's
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• Being male - Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM)
  are more common in males.
• 3. How are Arteriovenous Malformations diagnosed?
• Most Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) are
  detected with either a computed tomography (CT)
  brain scan or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  brain scan. These tests are very good at
  detecting brain Arteriovenous Malformations
  (AVM). They also provide information about the
  location and size of the Arteriovenous
  Malformation (AVM) and whether it may have bled.
  A doctor may also perform a cerebral angiogram.
  This test involves inserting a catheter (small
  tube) through an artery in the leg (groin). Then
  it's guided into each of the vessels in the neck
  going to the brain, and a contrast material (dye)
  is injected and pictures are taken of all the
  blood vessels in the brain. For any type of
  treatment involving an Arteriovenous Malformation
  (AVM), an angiogram may be needed to better
  identify the type of Arteriovenous Malformation
  (AVM).

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FAQ's
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• 4. When to see a doctor in case of Arteriovenous
  Malformation?
• Seek immediate medical attention if you notice
  any signs or symptoms of a brain Arteriovenous
  Malformation (AVM), such as seizures, headaches
  or other symptoms. A bleeding brain Arteriovenous
  Malformation (AVM) is life-threatening and
  requires emergency medical attention.
• 5. How are Arteriovenous Malformations treated?
• There are a few potential treatment alternatives
  for Arteriovenous Malformation. The primary
  objectives of the treatment are to avoid
  hemorrhage, to control seizures or neurological
  difficulties. Your specialist will decide the
  most suitable treatment for your condition
  depending on your age, well-being, and the size
  of the malformation.
• Stereotactic Radiosurgery
• Stereotactic radiosurgery  uses radiation to
  breakdown the Arteriovenous malformation.

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FAQ's
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• A beam of radiation is directed towards the
  Arteriovenous malformation for a small duration.
• Endovascular Embolization
• In Endovascular embolization, the specialist
  embeds a catheter (thin tube) into the patient's
  leg artery and strings it through the veins to
  the cerebrum using X-Ray imaging.
• The thin tube (catheter) is positioned in one of
  the artery to the Arteriovenous malformation and
  infuses an embolizing agent like a paste or micro
  coils to hinder the supply route (artery) and
  decrease blood stream into the Arteriovenous
  malformation. Endovascular embolization is less
  obtrusive than conventional surgery.
• Surgical Removal
• The patient may need a conventional brain
  surgery to remove an Arteriovenous Malformation.
  Depending on the size of the Arteriovenous
  malformation the technique may vary. The
  Arteriovenous malformation is removed through
  making a window in the patient skull.

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