Pancreatitis : Overview, Symptoms, Types, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment (1)

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Pancreatitis
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Pancreatitis

• Pancreatitis  is pathogenic swelling and
  inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreas is a large
  gland present behind the stomach and next to
  small intestine.
• It release digestive enzyme into the small
  intestine, which help in the digestion of the
  food
• It also releases insulin and glucagon into the
  bloodstream which helps to control the glucose
  level in our blood.
• Mostly damage to the pancreas occurs when the
  digestive enzymes are activated before they are
  released to the small intestine and attack the
  pancreas.

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Symptoms

• Symptoms of pancreatitis
• Certain symptoms may include
• Upper abdominal pain
• Abdominal pain that radiates to the back and
  feels worse after eating
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Rapid pulse
• Losing of weight
• Steatorrhea, fatty stool with foul smell (In case
  of chronic pancreatitis)

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Types of pancreatitis

• There are two types of pancreatitis
• Acute pancreatitis It is sudden inflammation
  that last from some hours to several days. Acute
  pancreatitis may cause a mild discomfort to a
  life threatening issue. It can be cured
  completely if the patient is given a right
  treatment at correct time. Gallstones are the
  major cause of acute pancreatitis, gall stones
  are small, solid masses formed in the bile duct.
• Chronic pancreatitis- It is long lasting
  inflammation of the pancreas. Due to repetitive
  damage of the pancreas scar tissue may also tend
  to develop. Excessive scar tissue may stop the
  work of the pancreas, and there may be many
  acquired and genetic causes for this
  pancreatitis.

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Causes of pancreatitis

• Certain causes of pancreatitis may include
• Drinking high level of alcohol
• Gall stones
• Abdominal surgery
• Certain medication
• Cigarette smoking
• Family history of pancreatitis
• Cystic fibrosis
• High calcium level of the blood (hypercalcemia),
  which may be caused by overactive parathyroid
  gland
• Infection
• Injury to the abdomen
• Pancreatic cancer
• High triglyceride level in the blood
  (hypertriglyceridemia)

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Treatment

• Treatments of pancreatitis
• Diet and relief to the pancreas may be the most
  effective treatment.
• Diet- A low fat, healthy diet plays a major role
  in recovering from pancreatitis. And it is mostly
  important in case of chronic pancreatitis
• Pain medication- As pancreatitis can cause severe
  pain, so pain medication is given to relief pain
  and other symptoms
• Relief to pancreas- Fasting in hospital, or
  depending on intravenous fluid to keep the body
  hydrated may be effective methods to treat in
  case of acute pancreatitis
• Surgery-Certain gallbladder surgery if gallstone
  is the issue, pancreas surgery to drain fluid
  from the pancreas , surgery to open and widen
  bile duct if pancreatitis is caused by narrowed
  and blocked bile duct may to options to release
  pancreatitis in certain cases
• Enzyme supplements- Certain pancreatic enzyme
  supplements can be given to improve digestion.

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Diagnosis of pancreatitis

• In case of acute pancreatitis level of digestive
  enzymes in the blood is measured, if the level is
  more, it confirms acute pancreatitis.
• In case of chronic pancreatitis certain
  blood, urine and stool test is done to diagnose
  the condition.
• Certain other tests may include
• Pancreatic function test- Which look for the
  working nature of the digestive enzymes
• Glucose tolerance test-It measures the damage of
  the cell in pancreas that makes insulin
• Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, MRI and CT
  scan- It looks at the images of pamceras for
  further information
• ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograp
  hy)- To look at the pancreatic and bile ducts
  using X-rays
• Biopsy-Removing a small sample of the pancreas
  for further study.

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