Seismic Behavior of Soils

1
???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? Seismic
Behavior of Soils
??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????
2
????? ????????

• ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ?????????
• ??????? ??????????? ??????
• - ??????
• - ?????
• ?????? ?????? ??????
• ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
• ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????
• ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
• ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
• ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?? ??????
• ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
• ???? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????????
• ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???
  ?????

3
(No Transcript)
4
r -2
r -2
r -0.5

Rayleigh wave

Vertical component
Horizontal component
Relative amplitude
Shear wave


-
-
r -1

Compression wave

r
r -1
Shear window
??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????
????? ???? 67
????? ???? 26
????? ????? 7
Waves
5
Waves
Rayleigh, R Surface
Shear,S Secondary
Compression, P Primary
6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Material P wave Velocity (m/s) S wave Velocity (m/s)
Air 332  
Water 1400-1500  
Petroleum 1300 - 1400  
Steel 6100 3500
Concrete 3600 2000
Granite 5500 5900 2800 - 3000
Basalt 6400 3200
Sandstone 1400 4300 700 - 2800
Limestone 5900 6100 2800 3000
Sand (Unsaturated) 200 1000 80 - 400
Sand (saturated) 800 2200 320 - 880
Clay 1000 2500 400 - 1000
Glacial Till (Saturated) 1500 2500 600 - 1000
??? ?? Vp ???? ??????? ??????? . Vs ????
??????? ???????? ? ????? ????? density of the
medium µ ????? ???? Shear Modulus ?
??????? ?????? Bulk Modulus
11
??????? ??????????? ?????? Dynamic Soil
Properties

• ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????.
• ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????
  ??? ??????? ??????????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ??
  ??? ??????? ??? ???????????.
• ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
  ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????????
  ??????.
• ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ????
  ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????.
• ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??
• ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
  
• ?? ??????.
• ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???
  ??????
• ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ? ?? ?????? .

12
??????? ??????????? ??????
????? ???? Shear Modulus ???? ??????? Damping
Ration
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????
??????????
??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? Shear Strain
???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????
??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? Resonant Column
Test ????? ??????? ?????? Cyclic Triaxial Test
???? ?????? ?????? Cyclic Simple Shear Test
??? ????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???
MASW ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? Cyclic Plate
Load Test
??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????
??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????
13
??????? ??????????? ??????
????? ???? Shear Modulus ???? ??????? Damping
Ration
??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????
??? ????? FEMA ?????? ????? G/Gmax ????????? ???
??? ?????? Site Class ????? ????????? ???????
??????? ??????? SDS
14
 
15
(No Transcript)
16
?? ???? ??????? , ???? ?????? ?? 3-
???
????? Sand ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????
????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? (??? ??????
??????? , ??? Fort Peck, ??? Canp Cooke), ???
?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????
????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?????, ???? ???
????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????
??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????. ??
??? ???? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ??
??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??
??? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????
??????? . ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????
???????? ? ???? , ???? ????? ?????? ??????
???????????
17
- ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????
???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ,??? ???
???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????.
? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????

18
????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????
??????? ??? Casagrande and Shannon (1949)
???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????
???? ??????? (Manchester Sand) ????? ???????
(Cambridge Clays) . ????????? ??? ??????
???????-???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????
??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?
???? , ???? ??????? 1-
??? ???????? ??? ???????
19
(No Transcript)
20
2- ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????
?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????
??????? ?????????.
21
???????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? Casagrande
and Shannon (1949) ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???????
?????
22
?????? ?????? ??????
?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??
??? ?
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????
???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????
,???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????
???? ??????? ?????? , ? ??????? ????? ????? ????
????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? . ????
????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????
?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???
???? ??????
23
?????? ?????? ??????
24
??? ????? ??? ??????.
??? ????? ??? ??????.

? ???????
? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????

?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? , ???? ????
?????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
????
25
? ???? ????? ????? ??????
????

• ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??
  ????? ?????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????
  ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????
  ???????? ??????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????
  ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  ???? ???? ?????? ?????.
• ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????
• ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??
  ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??????
  ????????.
• ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?
  ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?
  ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

26

• ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????.
• ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ????
  ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????
  ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? .

????? ??????? ??????? ( ??????? ?????????) ??
???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????
? ???? ??????? ????????
??? ?????????? ????????.
???? ???????.
??? ???? ???? ??????.

27
(No Transcript)
28

• ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
• ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???? ???????
  ?? ?????, ? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
  ??????? ??????? .
• ???? ?????? ????????? ????????
  ?? ???(?? ???) ? ??? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? .

• ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????
• ?????? ????????
• ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???
• ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????
  ???????-????????

29
???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????-??????
???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????
30

• ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
• ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???
  .
• ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????
  , ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????
  ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? - -
  ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??
  ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? - (
  ? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????).
• ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????
  ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????.

31

• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????
• ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????
  ??????? ??????, ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? .
• ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????
  ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??
  ? ???????? ???????
  .
• ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
  ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ,?? ???
  ????? ????? ?? ???? .
• ??? ????? ????? ???? , ??? ???? ?????
  ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ????
  ????????

32
???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????
??????? ???????
????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????
?????? ???? ????????
33

• ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? Cyclic
  Triaxial Test
• ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????
  ?????? .
• ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???
  ????? , ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????
  ??? ?????? . ? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ???????

34
? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????
????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????
35

• ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? , ? ???? ???????
  ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? , ??????? ???
  ??????? ??? , ,
• ?????? ??????? ????? , ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??
  ???
• 1- ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???
  ????????? ????????.
• 2- ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????
  ??? ????????? ( , ).
• ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?
  ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????????
  ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????.
• ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???
  ??????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???
  ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ??????????.
• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????
  ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????
  ??????? ????.

36

• ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
• ???? ???
  ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ,????
  ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?
  ????? ?? ????? ???????.
• ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????
  ?????
• ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
  ,???? ??? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????
  ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????
  ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????
  ???????
• ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????
  ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???
• ? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????
  ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????
  

37

• ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????

??? , ?
?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???
, ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?
??????, ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????

38

• ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????
  ???? ???
  
• ??? ? ????? ?
• ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????
  , ???? ??????? ???????
• ??? ??? ?????? ??? (30) ?????? ???????
  ??? ????? (75) ?????? ??????? , ????? ???
  

39

• ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
  ? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
  ,? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ? ???????, ? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????.
  

40

• ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???
  ?
  ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????
  ???????? ??????? 1- ??? ???????.2- ???? ???????
  .3-???? ????????.4-????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
  . 5- ????? ???????? ??????? . 6- ???
  ????? ??????? .7- ????? ???????? . 8-
  ????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? .
• ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ???? ???????.
  

41

• ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ??????
• ?? ??? ???????? ?????? , ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??
  ???????? ???????? ? ???? ???????
  ???? ???????? ????? (Hardin and Drnevich,1972)

??? ???? ???? ??????.
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???
????? ?????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ???????
???????
??? ??????? ???????? ??????.
????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????
42

• ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????,
  ????? (Hardin and Drnevich 1972) ??????? ???????

?
??? ???????? ???????.
- ? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????
- ??? ???????? ?????? .
- ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???????
N ??? ????? ???????.
43
- ?? ??? ????? ????????? ???????
- ??? f ??????? ????? ???????
?????? N ??? ????? ???????

• ????? Seed and Idris
• ??? ???????
  ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??
  ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????.
• ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? (???
  ??????? ??? ??????) ?? ?????? ???? .

44
- ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
?????? ?????? ??????.
45
Dynamic Bearing Capacity of Foundations ????
?????? ??????????? ????????
???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????
Dynamic Bearing Capacity of Shallow
Foundations

• ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
  ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ,???? ??????
  ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????
  ?????? ? ???????? ???? ?????, ????? ,????????
  ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ,????
  ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????
  ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? , ?????
  ???? ????? ???????? ?????? .
• ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????
  ??????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ???
  ??? ????? ????? ?????.
• ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????
  ,??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
• -1 ????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ??? ???????
  ??????????.
• -2??? ??????? ????????.
• ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? . -3

46
(No Transcript)
47
???? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ?????
???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??
????? ???????? ??????? ,??? ???????? ???????? ?
???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???
??????? ?????. ?? ??? 1993 ???
????? ????? ???? ?????? ,?? ?????? ?? ???
??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?????
?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
???? ??????? ?????????.
??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
???? ?????? ??????????.
48
???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????
??????? , ???? ?????
????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????.
????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????.
??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
???? ?????? ?????????.

• ??? ??? ??????? ,????? ?????? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??
• ?? ???? ?????? ?????????

49

• ?? ???? ?????? ????????
• ??? ????? ????
  ?????? .
• ??? ?
• ? ?
  
• ???
• ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???????.
• ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???????.
• ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? , ???
  ??? ????? ????
  ?????? , ?? ?????? ??????

50
? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? , ?? ????

51
???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
?? ???? ? ????? ???????? ???????
52

• ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????
  ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????
• ??? ?????? ??????
  , ? ?? ???? ?????
  
• ???? ?????? ?? .
• ???? ????? ?????? ?????? (?? ??? ) ?
  ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????
  ??????
• ???????? , ( ?? ??? ,
  )
• ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????
• Sliding Block Approach ???????? ?????
  
• ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ???????? .
• ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????
  ????????
• ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????

53
? ???? ?????? ??? ??? , ?? ????? ?????? ?
?????? ??????
54
(No Transcript)
55

• ????
• ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????
  , ,
• ??????? 1- ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????
  , ??????? ?? ,
• 2- ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????????
  , , ??? ?????? ????????
  ?????? , ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???
  ???? ????

• ????
• 1- ?? ????? ?????? , ?? ??? , ???
  , ? ???????

56
?? ????? ?????? , ? ?? ???
? ??????? ?
57
2- ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? , ? ?? ???
, , ???
????
58
???? ?? ?????? ?????? , ? ?? ??? ,???
???? . ? ?? ???????
? ?? ???
59
???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ??? ?????
?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????
?? ????? ??????, ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???
???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? , ???? ???
????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ????
????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
???? ?? (1) ? ??? ??? ?? (2), ????? ????? ????
???? ?????? ???? ?? (2) ,???? ??? ????? ???????
???? ,????? ???? ???????.
????? ???? ??????
???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?
??????? ??????? ?????? , ? ??????? ??? ?? ??????
? ???????? ????

• ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ,?? ?????? ????? ????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ,? ???
  ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????
  ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ,???? ??????? ?? ?????
  

60

• ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????
  ?????? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????
  ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??
  ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????
  ,? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ,? ??? ???
  ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ?????? .
• ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????
  ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ????
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?
  ??????? ???? ???????
• ?? ??? ???????? ???????? (????????)
• - ?? ??? ???????? ????????

??? ???? ??? ????? ???????.
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.
??? ??????. ???? ????
?????? , ? ???? ????? ? .
61
(No Transcript)
62

• ????
• ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ,????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ????????
  ????? ?? (0.5-1 m). ??????? ?? ????? ??????
  ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??
  ???? ???????? , ????? ??????? ????????? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? , ?
  ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????
  ?? ?????? ????? (1.3) ,????? ???????? ???????
  ????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ??
  1.5 ??? 2.5 ? ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ???
  ???????. ???????? ???? ???? (5) , ??? ???? ??????
  ???????? ???????? .
• ????
• ?????? ????? ???????
  ,
• ?? ????? ?????? ???
• ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (1.3) , ? ?? ?????
  ?????? , ???

63
(No Transcript)
64
?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????
(5) ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????
???? (5) ? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?
???????? ??? ????? 2.5 m, 1.5m ??? ???????. ????
?????? ???????? ????? ????????
???????? ? ???????? ????????.
65
(No Transcript)
66
????? ????????
????? ???? ??????
Z
f
?
X
?
Y
67
????? ????????
????? ???? ???? ???? Mass Spring Dashpot Model
- MSD Model
?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? - ??????
??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????? " ???????" ? ???? ??????
????? ???????
???????? ?????????
???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??????????
??? ???????? ?????????
68
????? ????????
????? ???? ???? ???? Mass Spring Dashpot Model
- MSD Model
??? ?????????? ?? MSD Model ? ??????? ??? ?????
???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????
?????? ??????MSD
foundation-soil system
?????? ?????? ???Rigid Foundation ????? ?????
?????? Foundation stiffness ???????? ??????
????????? ????? ??????
?????? ?????? ??? Flexible Foundation ?????
????? ?????? Foundation stiffness ????????
Winkler Spring Model
69
????? ????????
??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????
Qosin?t
???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????
??????
????
?????
Foundation m - ro
kz
cz
Qosin?t
Soil G ? - µ
70
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
???????? ???????? ???????
????? ????? ?????????
?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???????
??????? ??? ??????? ? ???????- ??? ??????
???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??
??????- ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????
??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????
- ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
?????????? ????????- ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????
??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????
????? - ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????
???? ????? ?????? Overall shear failure in soil-
??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ??????????

• ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????
  ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????" ??? ???? ???? ????
• ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????
• - ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????
  ???? ????? ??????? ????????

71
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? - ????
???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
1- ???? ????? MSD Model
2- ?????? ???????
3- ???? ??????
4- ??? ???????? ??? ??????
5-- ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????
72
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????

????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? - ????
???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
??????? ????
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????
???????? " ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????"
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??
73
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????
????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? - ????
???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
1- ???? ????? MSD Model
2- ?????? ???????
3- ???? ??????
4- ??? ???????? ??? ??????
5-- ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????
74
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????

????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? - ????
???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
??????? ????
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???????
???????? " ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????"
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????
?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??
75
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????

?????????? ???????? ??? ???????
??? ??????? ????? ?????? - ???? ??? ?????? -
???????? ??????
- ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??
????? ????? ??????? "???? ???? ?????"
?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
???????? ?? 15cm
- ???? ??? ???? ??? - ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???
??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
- ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? 5
?? ???? ??? ??????
??? ????????
- ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????
?????? ????? ????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????? ??????? "???? ??????? ???? ??
1000cpm" ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? - ????
??? ?? ??? ???? ???????
?????? ??? ??????? ???????? "???? ??????? ??? ??
350cpm" ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? - ????
???? ?? ??? ???? ???????
76
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????

?????????? ???????? ??? ???????
?????? Richart chart""
??? ??? ????????
???? Blake chart""
77
????? ?????

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
???? ????? ??????
??????? ??? Richart chart"" ??? ??? ?? ??? ????
????? 300cpm ??? ????? ???????? ???????? 0.05mm
????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????????
????????
r1.79m ????? ?????? ?????? 4.5x2.5x0.9)) ??????
???? ??? ????? ??? ??? 1.9m ??? ??????
25x4.5x2.5x0.9253kN
??? ????? ????????? ??????? 40kN ??? ?????
48kN ???? ??????? 300rpm
????? ?????? 0.33 ????? ?????? ?????? 17kN/m³
????? ????? ?????? 75000kPa
??? ??????
???????? ????? ????? ?????? W2534811.6313kN
78
????? ?????


???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??? ????????
????? ??????? ???? ???? ????
???? ???????
???? ??????
????? ???? fm/f708/3002.36
79
????? ?????


???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??? ??? ????????
???? ??????? 300 cpm
????? ???? ??? Azlt0.05mm
80
????? ?????

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ??????? ??????? 30kN ????? ????? ???
????? ?????? O ???? ??????? 600rpm ??? ???????
?????? ????? ??? ?????? bOb 16x105 kg-m²
????? ?????? 0.33 ????? ?????? ?????? 17kN/m³
????? ????? ?????? 75000kPa
81
????? ?????


???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????
????? ??? ?????? 8x6x3x23.583395.5
??? ??? ??????
82
????? ?????


???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??? ????????
????? ??????? ???? ???? ????
?????? ??????? ??????
???? ?????? ??????
????? ???? ??? f/fm600/3032.0
83
????? ?????


???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ??? ??? ????????
???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
84
(No Transcript)
85
(No Transcript)