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Best English Notes For IAS Prelims Paper 2 CSAT
English section is an important part of all
Competitive Exams. Dear Students, You are living
in very competitive times, If you want something,
you have to fight for it, nothing comes easy
these days. All of you are trying your level best
to get a Govt. job. We will start with all the
basic components of English Grammar. One
important thing you need to understand. While
these, notes are prepared keeping in mind the
needs of SSC, we can ensure that they can also be
used for other exams like UPSC, SSC or other
Exams.
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Endeavour (noun)
Best English Notes by Top IAS Coaching Center
Vocabulary

• Meaning try hard to do or achieve something
• Synonyms attempt, venture
• Antonyms idleness
• By common endeavour we can raise the country to a
  new greatness, while a lack of unity will expose
  us to fresh calamities.

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Sterling (adjective)

• Meaning excellent or valuable
• Synonyms splendid, magnificent
• Antonyms poor, unexceptional
• These pragmatic but profound remarks defined the
  vision and the sterling character of Sardar
  Vallabhbhai Patel, the principal unifier of
  modern India.

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Coercion (noun)

• Meaning the action or practice of persuading
  someone to do something by using force or
  threats.
• Synonyms constraint, enforcement
• Antonyms persuasion
• However, he was also compelled to use coercion by
  launching Operation Polo to liberate and
  integrate Hyderabad after the Nizam of Hyderabad
  entertained false hopes of either joining
  Pakistan or remaining independent.

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Unscrupulous (adjective)

• Meaning having no moral principles
• Synonyms amoral, reprobate
• Antonyms ethical, honest
• Writing about Patels decisiveness in the
  Christian Science Monitor, W. Gordon Graham
  observed Hyderabad, a State covering 80,000
  square miles in the heart of peninsular India,
  was at that time in the grip of an unscrupulous
  minority which aimed at secession from India.

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Balkanise (verb)

• Meaning divide (a region or body) into smaller
  mutually hostile states or groups
• Synonyms divide, separate
• Antonyms join, unite
• Displaying statesmanship of the highest order,
  Sardar Patel prevented the attempts to not only
  Balkanise India but internationalise the issue as
  well.

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Jeopardy(noun)

• Meaning danger of loss, harm or failure
• Synonyms peril, vulnerability
• Antonyms safety, security
• Indeed at the most critical time when the
  countrys political unity was in jeopardy, India
  found the man of the moment in Sardar Patel, who
  displayed amazing patience, tact and a steely
  determination in dealing with an intransigent
  ruler, who refused to see the writing on the wall
  and even wanted to take the issue to the United
  Nations.

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Dexterity (noun)

• Meaning skill in performing task
• Synonyms efficiency, adroitness
• Antonyms clumsiness, insensitivity
• The complicated case of Junagarh, Gujarat, was
  also handled with dexterity by Patel.

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Trammelled (verb)

• Meaning deprive of freedom of action
• Synonyms restrain, constrain
• Antonyms help, assist
• It will be relevant to recall his famous address
  to the civil service probationers in 1947 when
  Patel told them that the service will have to
  adopt its true role of national service without
  being trammelled upon by traditions and habits of
  the past.

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Magnanimity (noun)

• Meaning the fact or condition of being
  magnanimous
• Synonyms generosity, benevolence
• Antonyms selfishness
• Another aspect of the Sardar that needs to be
  highlighted is his graciousness and magnanimity
  in readily abiding by Mahatma Gandhis advice to
  withdraw his candidacy for the post of Congress
  President in favour of Pandit Nehru in 1946,
  although a majority of State Congress committees
  supported his candidature.

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Emulate (verb)

• Meaning match or surpass (a person or
  achievement), typically by imitation
• Synonyms imitate, mimic
• Antonyms neglect
• As we pay our tributes to the great statesman on
  his birth anniversary today, on October 31, let
  us try to emulate his qualities and work towards
  realising his dream of providing Suraaj in a
  new and prosperous India.

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Prorogued (verb)

• Meaning discontinue a session without dissolving
  it
• Synonyms adjourn, suspend
• Antonyms continue, expedite
• Parliament has been prorogued by the President
  till November 16.

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Imbroglio (noun)

• Meaning an extremely confused, complicated, or
  embarrassing situation.
• Synonyms squabble, altercation
• Antonyms agreement, concord
• Meanwhile, in planning his next moves for
  political survival, Mr. Wickremesinghe should
  also realise that he is partly to blame for the
  political imbroglio.

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Goriest (adjective)

• Meaning involving or showing violence and
  bloodshed
• Synonyms horrible, murderous
• Antonyms pleasant
• The Turkish press has over the past few weeks
  made public the goriest details of the murder.

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Vindication (noun)

• Meaning the action of clearing someone of blame
  or suspicion
• Synonyms justification, exoneration
• Antonyms conviction
• Turkey had applauded Mr. Morsi coming to power
  as a vindication of the moderate and
  constitutionalist Islamist model that the Justice
  and Development Party represented in Turkey and
  an indication that the Brotherhood was headed in
  the same direction.

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Tottering (verb)

• Meaning move in a feeble or unsteady way
• Synonyms careen, wobble
• Antonyms stabilize
• It was not surprising that the Saudis embraced
  Egypts General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, in 2013,
  and immediately granted 2 billion to the
  military regime to save it and also Egypts
  tottering economy.

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Rapprochement (noun)

• Meaning an establishment or resumption of
  harmonious relations.
• Synonyms reconciliation
• Antonyms aloofness
• However, recent moves amounting to a
  rapprochement among Ankara, Moscow and Tehran
  indicate that a modus vivendi has been worked out
  between Iran and Turkey on defining their spheres
  of influence in Syria.

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Salvage (verb)

• Meaning rescue from loss
• Synonyms recover, redeem
• Antonyms abandon, forfeit
• While Saudi Arabia is struggling to salvage its
  image in the aftermath of the murder of
  journalist Jamal Khashoggi inside its consulate
  in Istanbul, another human rights crisis
  triggered by its actions confronts the kingdom.

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Conduit (noun)

• Meaning a channel for conveying water or other
  fluid
• Synonyms passage, duct
• Antonyms hydrant
• Until recently Turkey and Iran were on opposite
  sides in the Syrian conflict, with Iran
  supporting the Assad regime politically and
  militarily and Turkey acting as the principal
  conduit for weapons supplies to the opposition.

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Contingent (adjective)

• Meaning occurring or existing only if (certain
  circumstances) are the case dependent on.
• Synonyms conditional, probable
• Antonyms essential
• The Emir of Qatar had sent a contingent of
  soldiers to provide security to Mr. Erdogan
  during the failed military coup in 2016.

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Ramification (noun)

• Meaning a complex or unwelcome consequence of an
  action or event
• Synonyms consequence, aftermath
• Antonyms origination
• Without going into the merits of the issues
  raised, two important questions have arisen,
  which relate to the relationship between the RBI
  and the government and between the RBI management
  and its board. Even if one cannot come to
  definitive conclusions, it is important to note
  the ramifications of the issues raised.

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Salience (noun)

• Meaning the quality of being particularly
  noticeable or important
• Synonyms fame, renown
• Antonyms obscurity
• The argument seems to have derived its salience
  in the context of the 19th Amendment to Sri
  Lankas Constitution, passed in 2015 under the
  joint political leadership of both Mr. Sirisena
  and Mr. Wickremesinghe.

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Detente (noun)

• Meaning the easing of hostility or strained
  relations, especially between countries
• Synonyms easement, precaution
• Antonyms disruptive
• Though he was careful not to say anything that
  would break the détente forged by the Centre and
  the central bank at its last board meeting on
  November 19, he made three forceful points that
  the RBIs autonomy is important to protect
  depositors interests monetary policy has to be
  the exclusive domain of the RBI and its reserves
  are central to maintaining its AAA rating.

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Cumbersome (adjective)

• Meaning large or heavy and therefore difficult
  to carry or use
• Synonyms unwieldy
• Antonyms convenient
• The application process is cumbersome and
  exclusionary a separate form has to be filled,
  signed and submitted for each of the three
  instalments, along with a copy of the applicants
  mother child protection card, her Aadhaar card,
  her husbands Aadhaar card, and the details of a
  bank account linked to her Aadhaar number.

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Nipping (verb)

• Meaning bite or pinch sharply
• Synonyms tweak
• Antonyms ardent
• These statements are probably aimed at nipping in
  the bud any attempts to change the governance
  structure of the central bank.

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Crux (noun)

• Meaning the most important point at issue
• Synonyms nub, gist
• Antonyms unimportant
• The crux of the problem is that the RBI, the
  board and the government must understand the
  limits to which they can push. A spirit of
  accommodation must prevail.

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Onerous (adjective)

• Meaning (of a task or responsibility) involving
  a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty
• Synonyms strenuous
• Antonyms effortless
• This is certainly good news as it indicates that
  the skeletons are mostly out of the cupboard now.
  Of course, there is still the onerous task of
  resolving the bad loans stock, which is at a
  little over ?10 lakh crore now.

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Encroachment (noun)

• Meaning intrusion on a person's territory,
  rights, etc.
• Synonyms infringe
• Antonyms ignore
• If the government has decided to ease the
  restrictions in a phased manner, this could
  adversely affect the indigenous population in the
  long run. Such commercialisation of tribal spaces
  could lead to encroachment of land, as we see in
  other parts of the country.

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Promulgate (verb)

• Meaning promote or make widely known (an idea or
  cause).
• Synonyms enunciate
• Antonyms conceal
• Jawaharlal Nehrus Tribal Panchsheel were the
  guiding principles after Independence to
  formulate policies for the indigenous communities
  of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Based on
  them, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection
  of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation (ANPATR), 1956
  was promulgated by the President.

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Protracted (adjective)

• Meaning lasting for a long time or longer than
  expected or usual.
• Synonyms attenuate
• Antonyms abridge
• The protracted conflict has so far claimed about
  10,000 lives and displaced millions, and no
  lasting resolution is in sight.

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Desisted (verb)

• Meaning stop doing something
• Synonyms abstain
• Antonyms continue
• It would have sent out the wrong signals both at
  home and abroad. It is good that the government
  has desisted from using Section 7.

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