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The Use of Stem Cells in Burnt Wound Treatment

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Title: The Use of Stem Cells in Burnt Wound Treatment


1
The Use of Stem Cells in Burnt Wound Treatment
2
Introduction
  • Nearly half a million people, from across the
    world, seek medical help for accidental burns and
    are hospitalised in severe conditions. These are
    fatal burns, often causing death. However, there
    are many other kinds of burns, which may leave
    the patients physically disabled for their entire
    lifetime.

3
What are Burns?
  • Burns are therefore, accidental skin cell damages
    brought on by fire, chemicals, electricity or
    radiation, leaving the skin
  • terribly pained,
  • swelled and
  • charred.
  • Treatments for burn wounds depends upon the type
    of the burn and how deep it is covering the body.

4
Conventional Burn Wound Care
  • A medical health practitioner always follows the
    thumb rule of cleaning the burnt area first with
    cool water and then applying gel upon it.
    However, use of autologous skin grafting
    technique was the first known severe burn wound
    treatment, reported in 1881.
  • Until now skin grafting technique happens to be a
    standard practice to treat severe burnt cases.

5
Conventional Burn Wound Care
  • Earlier, in severely burnt cases (full-thickness
    burn or 3rd degree burn, which damages the
    epidermis and the entire dermis), doctors
    discarded and considered the burnt skin to be a
    medical waste.
  • However, since it contains viable MSCs
    (burnt-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells), that can
    be used for skin regeneration and wound-healing,
    in present times these cells are characterised
    and expanded in vitro, which is then incorporated
    into an established wound coverage material.

6
Introduction of Cell-Based Burn Wound Therapy
  • In is interesting to know that the culture of
    cell-based therapy for burn wounds was first
    introduced after Rheinwald and Green,
    revolutionised the cell culture technique in
    1975. So, for the very first time, clones of some
    of the major cell types was used during an
    autograft, where epithelial sheets of cells were
    produced to restore the functional capacity of
    the skin.

7
Research Activities on Burn Wounds Cell
Therapy
  • Such an encouraging report gave rise to worldwide
    research activities on cell therapy for burn
    wounds healing process. For example, a
    Singapore-based biotech company Cell Research
    Corporation, carried out a test which involved
    growing stem cells on synthetic scaffolds,
    preventing three burn victims from undergoing the
    painful process of skin grafting. Several tissue
    engineering approaches have been applied in
    skin-tissue fabrication and tissue substitute
    including autologous split-thickness skin graft.
    Autograft micro-skin transplantation has been
    widely used as skin-graft therapy in
    full-thickness skin defect.

8
Aim of Cell-Based Therapy in Burn Wound Care
  • The effectiveness of stem cell therapy in burn
    wounds have already been tested earlier. With
    further examination, the stem cell therapists
    ultimately aimed to see
  • If these cells have the capacity to reduce the
    effect of the systemic inflammatory response and
    stop the infection from spreading
  • An easy and early wound closure
  • Speedy healing

9
Aim of Cell-Based Therapy in Burn Wound Care
  • Regeneration of the skin and its peripheral
    tissues
  • See if the potential usage of Epithelial stem
    cells (EpSCs) with an effective application of
    Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), derived from the
    umbilical cord and cord blood, covers the wound
    and completes the healing and skin regeneration
    process.

10
Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy on Burn Wound
Cover
  • To prove an early and efficient wound coverage
    along with the satisfactory epithelialization,
    cultured epithelial autografts, (EpSCs and
    keratinocytes combined) is used to facilitate
    cell delivery with the aim to regenerate the
    epidermal layer of the burned skin.
  • But there are several factors that limit the
    potentially of this technique

11
Epithelial Stem Cell Therapy on Burn Wound
Cover
  • the time necessary to culture cells
  • the reliability of graft take
  • the vulnerability to infection,
  • long-term durability, and
  • the cost of the treatment.

12
Mesenchymal Stem Cell therapy for Burn Wound
Healing
  • Post-burn injury wound healing is of paramount
    importance and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells
    (MSCs) is one of the potential treatments for
    severe burn injuries
  • MSCs can grow easily
  • They can maintain the tissue culture
  • They can migrate to support the endogenous cells
  • Additionally, its immunomodulation capacity
    allows it to withstand acute cellular rejection,
    especially in massive burnt wounds

13
Future Directions
  • However, researches state that when burn wounds
    are treated with allogenic MSCs, the recovery is
    speedy and there are no adverse treatment
    complications.
  • Clinical studies demonstrate that cell-based
    therapy can be considered as an important
    alternative for burn wound management. However,
    there are still certain scientific and technical
    factors that need to be resolved before full
    potential of the cellular devices are
    facilitated. In the meantime, more evidence is
    required for research at large to define the
    clinical efficacy and safety of cell therapy in
    burns.

14
About CordlifeIndia
  • CordlifeIndia provides services like stem cell
    banking, cord blood stem cell banking.
  • CordlifeIndia is a consumer healthcare company
    catering to the mother and child segment.
  • We provide reliable healthcare solutions through
    innovation, technological advancement and
    commitment to quality.

15
References
  • https//www.cordlifeindia.com/blog/use-stem-cells-
    burnt-wound-treatment/
  • http//my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/1206
    3-burns
  • http//blog.medstarwashington.org/2017/06/05/resea
    rch-burn-care-stem-cells/textA20major20prob
    lem20in20burn,and20help20them20heal20faster
  • http//ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5971426/
  • https//cells4life.com/stem-cells-to-help-burns-vi
    ctims-case-study/
  • http//stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1
    186/s13287-019-1465-9
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