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Occupational Therapy in Cerebral Palsy (1)

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Occupational Therapy and Cerebral Palsy involves developing one’s ability to perform daily functions and activities.  CP occupational therapy aims at improving one’s strength, dexterity, and coordination when performing day-to-day activities. It also helps in improving cognitive abilities such as decision-making, problem-solving, reasoning, perception, memory, etc. In this way, simple day-to-day tasks such as eating, bathing, brushing teeth can be performed with relative ease. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Occupational Therapy in Cerebral Palsy (1)


1
(No Transcript)
2
Understanding Cerebral Palsy
  • The word cerebral means relating to the brain,
    while palsy means weakness or problems relating
    to muscle and its movement.
  • Cerebral palsy (CP) are a group of conditions
    that are brought on by faulty brain development,
    often before to birth.
  • It is a condition that impairs posture, muscular
    tone, and/or movement.
  • Therefore, cerebral palsy affects the part of the
    brain that controls the ability to move muscles.

3
Types of Cerebral Palsy
  • Spastic Cerebral Palsy This is the most common
    type, affecting almost 80 of the patients. It
    affects the muscles, making them stiff (spastic),
    causing exaggerated reflexes and muscle spasms.
    It often entails walking abnormalities and may
    sometimes lead to paralysis.
  • Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy This type causes
    problems in controlling body movements. The
    muscles either become too tight or too loose.
    Movements of the arms and legs become
    involuntary, jerky, or even slow and writhing.
    This causes difficulty in movements such as
    sitting, crawling, or walking. In some cases, it
    may also affect the face and the tongue, making
    it difficult to frown, eat, or talk.
  • Ataxic Cerebral Palsy This is the least common
    type. This form of cerebral palsy affects the
    balance and coordination of the person. It
    affects movements such as walking and fine motor
    skills such as grasping objects, writing, etc.
  • Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy This type greatly
    reduces the muscles tone, making them overly
    relaxed and floppy. The weakened muscles make it
    difficult to sit up straight. Children affected
    by this type may have trouble breathing,
    speaking, have poor reflexes or walking
    abnormalities.

Mixed Cerebral Palsy Some people may experience
symptoms of more than one type of cerebral palsy.
In most cases, it is a combination of spastic and
dyskinetic cerebral palsy.
4
Symptoms of cerebral palsy
  • Muscle movement disorders such as stiff muscles
    (spasticity), exaggerated reflexes, tremors, or
    involuntary jerking movements.
  • Lack of muscle coordination and balance (ataxia).
  • Variations in muscle tone, where muscles become
    too stiff or too floppy.
  • Difficulty in walking.
  • Difficulty in the development of fine motor
    skills such as sitting up, crawling, holding onto
    and picking up objects.
  • Delay in speech development. 
  • Difficulty in eating, excessive drooling, and
    problems with swallowing.
  • Delayed growth. 
  • Intellectual disabilities. 
  • Neurological problems such as seizures
    (epilepsy), abnormal touch, or pain sensations,
    etc.
  • Bladder and bowel problems.
  • Mental health issues such as behavioral problems
    and mental disorders.

5
Causes of Cerebral Palsy
  • Cerebral palsy usually occurs before birth and in
    some cases, at birth, or early infancy. It is
    caused due to abnormal brain development, or
    damage caused to the developing brain
  • Maternal infections that can occur in the womb,
    directly affecting the fetus.
  • Gene mutations that cause problems during brain
    development and lead to genetic disorders.
  • Head injuries due to accidents, falling, or child
    abuse.
  • Bleeding in the brain (intracranial hemorrhage).
  • Brain infections leading to inflammation in or
    around the brain.
  • Lack of oxygen reaching the brain during labor
    and delivery.
  • Severe jaundice in infants.

6
Treatments for cerebral Palsy
  • Although cerebral palsy cannot be cured, a
    combination of treatments can greatly help the
    child in achieving a long and healthy life.
  • Medications, assistive aids, therapy, and surgery
    can greatly help in managing symptoms, relieving
    pain, and making the child independent in
    performing daily chores and activities, thereby
    improving the quality of life.
  • Therapies such as Stem Cell Therapy, Physical
    Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy,
    etc. can be included in the treatment program.
  • Research increasingly suggests that Occupational
    Therapy is significantly beneficial for children
    with cerebral palsy in a number of ways.

7
Occupational Therapy and Cerebral Palsy
  • Occupational Therapy and Cerebral Palsy involves
    developing ones ability to perform daily
    functions and activities. 
  • CP occupational therapy aims at improving ones
    strength, dexterity, and coordination when
    performing day-to-day activities. It also helps
    in improving cognitive abilities such as
    decision-making, problem-solving, reasoning,
    perception, memory, etc.
  • In this way, simple day-to-day tasks such as
    eating, bathing, brushing teeth can be performed
    with relative ease.

8
Benefits of occupational Therapy
  • Occupational therapy for CP can help with issues
    in various ways
  • Performing everyday tasks independently
  • Adapting better to abilities
  • Developing thinking and learning skills
  • Coping and responding to the demands and
    challenges of everyday life
  • Coping with emotions and adapting

9
Techniques and exercises are used in occupational
therapy with cerebral palsy
  • Improving fine motor control These exercises
    improve hand dexterity. Simple exercises such as
    grasping and sorting toys, sorting coins, and
    making jewelry.
  • Upper body strength and stability
    activities These activities focus on
    strengthening and stabilizing the trunk and upper
    body. Simple activities that increase strength
    and improve balance such as crawling.
  • Bilateral coordination This focuses on improving
    control of both sides of the body at the same
    time. Activities and movements such as pulling
    apart constructive toys, catching a ball with two
    hands, riding a bike, etc. 
  • Improving visual motor skills These activities
    help in improving hand-eye coordination.
    Activities include drawing, stringing beads,
    catching and throwing the ball, etc.
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