5.9 million tonnes of Lithium Discovered in Jammu and Kashmir India - Waaree ESS

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WAAREEi
YOUR POWER INSURANCE
5.9 million tonnes of
Lithium Discovered in
Jammu and Kashmir
India Will it be a
Game-Changer for
India's Electric Vehicle
Industry?
KNOW MORE
5.9 million tonnes of Lithium Discovered in Jammu
and Kashmir India What is this sudden fuss about
the Lithium resources in India? - The discovery
of 5.9 million tonnes of Lithium has been done in
the JK region of India, which would simply
translate to Rs 38 Lakh crore in worth. It is
located in the Salal-Reasi area of Jammu and
Kashmir. The Current exploratory phase for this
deposit is G3 (Explained in further sub-topics of
this blog)
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Why lithium is important? Lithium is important
from a global market perspective due to its
increasing demand in various sectors, such as the
production of batteries, electric vehicles, and
consumer electronics. Lithium is a lightweight
metal that has excellent electrochemical
properties, making it an ideal material for
batteries. As the world is shifting towards clean
energy and sustainable transportation, the demand
for lithium has skyrocketed. According to market
reports, the global lithium-ion battery market is
expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.2 from 2021 to
2028, reaching 129.3 billion by 2028. The
growing demand for lithium batteries in electric
vehicles, grid storage, and portable electronics
is driving the lithium market's growth. Moreover,
lithium is also used in pharmaceuticals, glass,
ceramics, and lubricants, making it a versatile
material with numerous applications. The
increasing demand for lithium has also led to the
development of lithium mining projects worldwide,
creating job opportunities and boosting economic
growth in many regions. History of Lithium
discoveries by GSI (Geological Survey of India)
for Lithium. GSI has done several surveys in past
as well highlighting the discoveries as back as
1995-1997. Can be referred in the below captures.
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For official use onl
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
FINAL REPORT ON REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY FOR
BASE METALS AND LITHIUM IN SALAL AREA, UDHAMPUR
DISTRICT, JAMMU AND KASHMIR Field Season 1995-96
1996-97)
By K. K. SHARMA GEOLOGIST (Sr.) S.C. UPPAL,
GEOLOGIST (Jr.)
intact bauxite crust lying below the Subathus is
still uncxposed especially along the synformal
cores.
__ ________ be
Base metal mineralisation in Sirban Group and
chert quartzite brclt
related to the intrusive activity.
Intrusive activity mainly trachytic in
composition in the v manfeslat,on
in Salal- Kanthan area where vent is exposed and
. upto Thanpal and in the north- western part,
it has maximum ma ..garmarg area (especially
in
Manju- Gai area) and in the Khori arc-
The solubility on Lithium has
hium is amenable to dissolution only
be hydrotluorisation wit- Av j, wh silicate or
in the la A mineral. N
the metal is present cither in al studies have
failed to identity z was indicated. Bas and
Chakar areas. Besides, it orded from the
bauxite column
the mineral pi. -ne samples wlw
Bauxite has gooc .ad (exposure) in Sal has also
reasonably good spread in F Higher values of Li,
V, Cr, Zr and P2 v especially from the pisolitic
and non- piso.
xi. The higher values of Lithium arc
persistent through out the belt (Where bauxite is
exposed) in the bauxite column) xii. Lithium
prospect in the bauxite column in the area
investigation appears to be promising. xiii.
The bauxite column in Salal- Panasa- Sangarmarg
(Saroda Bas) and Chakar areas appears to be
promising horizon for Lithium and may be taken up
for further detailed work.
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Information about the current discovery and an
introduction to a phased approach to
surveys. India's Ministry of Mines announced
Thursday that the first 5.9 million tonnes of
lithium deposits have been discovered in Jammu
and Kashmir. The Geological Survey of India has
first estimated a lithium (G3) resource of 5.9
million tonnes in the Salal Cayman district of
Leash district of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also
stated that 51 mineral blocks containing lithium
and gold were transferred to the respective state
governments. Lithium is a non-ferrous metal that
is one of the key components of electric vehicle
batteries. Of these 51 mineral blocks, 5 blocks
are related to gold and others are related to
commodities such as potassium, molybdenum,
non-ferrous metals, etc. Jammu and Kashmir
(Utah), Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat,
Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. Does this
mean India will surpass China in terms of Lithium
resource stock? Yes, only if it's accurate and
true. Let's deep dive into the stages of
exploration to understand it better. 1.
Reconnaissance Surveys (G4 stage) 2.
Preliminary Exploration (G3 stage) 3. General
Exploration (G2 stage) 4. Detailed Exploration
(G1 stage) G4 stage The main goal is to reduce
the area by allocating selected areas for further
study. Systematic geological mapping on a
150,000 scale. Airborne Geophysical Surveys
(Magnetic, Electromagnetic Radiometric).
Regional geochemical sampling (wide spaced).
Regional geophysical survey (wide spaced).
Photo-geological and remote sensing studies
(PGRS). G3 stage Generally conducted for smaller
areas, a few kms. To tens of Sq.kms.
Geological mapping on 125,000 or 110,000 scale.
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The geochemical grid for exploration and the
surface geophysical grid are performed at closer
intervals to accurately select the target area.
If the orebody is close to the surface,
excavate and trench to expose the orebody. G2
stage The work is done over a very small area
(from sq. km to several sq. km). Detailed
mapping on 15,000 or 14,000 scale.
Pitting, trenching and bed rock sampling on all
outcrop sections. Drilling according to a
systematic scheme to a depth of 60-120 m with
strike intervals of 100 m for gold, 200 m for
non-ferrous metals and 400-500 m for limestone.
Detailed petrological and mineral studies.
Within the deposit limits, surface survey and
drilling data identified economically viable
zones along strike, width and depth. Ore
reserves estimated. G1 stage Exploration
pits or oil wells are drilled with strikes and
depths at closer intervals to accurately
determine the shape, size, location and grade of
the ore body. Mineral phase tested for
enrichment (according to EPMA). Processing
of all databases. Ore reserves estimated. 1.
Let us know 'How the lithium is processed, and
to create a market relevance on India's
competency on Lithium Refining?' What is expected
to change from this discovery? 2. India's
global competency in providing cheaper lithium
for EV manufacturers will exceed that of
China. South American nations like Bolivia and
Argentina have Huge Deposits. But their
Production is low as they are not Technologically
Sophisticated. China refines majority of world's
Lithium. It has 60 percent of the world's
capacity for processing and refining lithium. But
this is set to Change Now! India is
Technologically Sophisticated country. We have
best talent in Engineering. India should be able
to figure out Lithium Refining. We would break
Chinese Monopoly.
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Saltworks process
HCI Wash water
Concentrated LiCI solution
-1- LiOH Lime Route t Chemical Conversion to LiOH
LiOH Electrochemical Route
Li2C03 Route Conversion to Li2C03
Electrochemical Conversion to LiOH
Hardness polishing
Hardness polishing
HCI
Chemical precipitation BrineRefine
CaC03 solids
Optional Technical grade Li2C03 solids
Battery-grade lithium hydroxide
Battery-grade lithium hydroxide
Battery-grade lithium carbonate
Extracting Battery grade Lithium. Most of the
world's lithium for batteries is produced by
Phase 1 Mining
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The first phase of lithium processing is mining.
Lithium can be found in both hard rock deposits
and in brines, which are underground reservoirs
of saltwater. Hard rock mining involves drilling
and blasting to extract lithium-rich rock from
the ground. This rock is then transported to a
processing plant where it is crushed and ground
into a fine powder. Brine deposits are typically
found in arid regions of the world, such as the
Atacama Desert in Chile or the Salar de Uyuni in
Bolivia. To extract lithium from brines,
companies drill wells into the ground and pump
the brine to the surface. The brine is then
treated with chemicals to remove impurities and
concentrate the lithium. Phase 2
Concentration Once lithium-bearing rock or brine
has been extracted from the ground, the next
phase is concentration. This involves removing
impurities and increasing the concentration of
lithium to a level that is economically viable
for further processing. For hard rock deposits,
the concentration process typically involves
crushing and grinding the rock into a fine powder
and then using gravity, magnetic, or flotation
processes to separate the lithium from other
minerals. For brines, the concentration process
typically involves evaporating the water and
leaving behind a concentrated brine
solution. Phase 3 Extraction After the
concentration phase, the lithium must be
extracted from the rock or brine. The extraction
process depends on the type of deposit and can
involve a variety of methods. For hard rock
deposits, the most common extraction method is
roasting. This involves heating the crushed rock
to a high temperature and then leaching it with
sulfuric acid to dissolve the lithium. The
resulting solution is then treated to remove
impurities and concentrate the lithium. For brine
deposits, the most common extraction method is
precipitation. This involves adding chemicals to
the concentrated brine solution to cause the
lithium to precipitate out as a solid. The solid
lithium is then filtered and washed to remove
impurities.
Phase 4 Purification
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Once the lithium has been extracted, it must be
purified to remove any remaining impurities. This
involves a variety of chemical processes,
including ion exchange, solvent extraction, and
membrane technology. Ion exchange involves
passing the lithium solution through a resin that
selectively adsorbs impurities. Solvent
extraction involves mixing the lithium solution
with a solvent that selectively extracts the
lithium. Membrane technology involves using a
permeable membrane to separate the lithium from
other ions. Phase 5 Conversion After
purification, the lithium is typically in the
form of a compound, such as lithium carbonate or
lithium hydroxide. These compounds must be
converted into a form that is suitable for use in
batteries or other applications. For lithium
carbonate, the conversion process typically
involves calcining the compound at a high
temperature to produce lithium oxide. The lithium
oxide is then mixed with other chemicals to
produce lithium-ion batteries or other
products. For lithium hydroxide, the conversion
process typically involves mixing the compound
with other chemicals to produce lithium-ion
batteries or other products directly. Phase 6
Production Once the lithium has been converted
into a form suitable for use in batteries or
other applications, it is ready for production.
This involves manufacturing batteries, ceramics,
and other products that contain lithium. For
batteries, the production process typically
involves assembling the battery cells, testing
and quality control, and then packaging the
batteries for shipping. Why it is super necessary
for India to crack Lithium refining at cheaper
costs? At stake is a USD200 Bn EV market and an
urge to fulfil the dream of ATMANIRBHAR
BHARAT. Let us have a glance on EV market
share. 2022 EV Sales Globally
10.4 Mn Vehicles (13 of Overall 8 Mn) Market
Size 200 Bn USD (2022)
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EV Sales to grow to 800 Bn USD (2030)
Demand for EV Vehicles China (60) Europe (25)
US (11) India does not have the Lithium
refining technology yet. We would need crack itt.
Even Elon Musk noted the difficulty of refining
lithium. "Once again, I want to urge
entrepreneurs to get into the lithium recycling
business. Mining is relatively easy, but refining
is much more difficult," Musk said during Tesla's
July 2022 earnings call.
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