A neonatologist with high experience levels is important

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Common Baby Child Specialist Medical conditions

• Dr Kamal Gupta
• KAMAL MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL

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Introduction

• Common Baby and Children Conditions
• Hyperbilirubinemia in newborns (Physiologic
  Jaundice)
• Colic
• Flu and common cold
• Infected Ears
• Fever
• Irritation and Vomiting
• Baby spitting up
• Diarrhea
• Oral thrush or diaper dermatitis
• Breathing Issues, Mouth Issues
• Feeding Issues
• Eradicating Issues
• Camel hat

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Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

• Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (total serum
  bilirubin level above 5 mg per dL (86 µmol per L)
  is one of the most common problems encountered in
  newborns.
• Newborns produce bilirubin at a rate of
  approximately 6 to 8 mg per kg per day.
• Newborns produce twice the rate of adults due to
  increased red blood cell turnover in neonates.
• Bilirubin production typically declines to the
  adult level within 10 to 14 days after birth.
• The average full-term newborn will have a peak
  bilirubin level of 6mg/dl on the third or fourth
  day of life.
• Levels usually go down to about 2-3mg/dl by the
  end of the first week, gradually reaching the
  adult value of 1mg/dl by the end of the second
  week.
• Phototherapy should be initiated when the total
  serum bilirubin level is at or above 15 mg per dL
  (257 mol per L) in infants 25 to 48 hours old, 18
  mg per dL (308 mol per L) in infants 49 to 72
  hours old, and 20 mg per dL (342 mol per L) in
  infants older than 72 hours.
• Jaundice typically results from the deposition of
  unconjugated bilirubin pigment in the skin and
  mucus membranes.

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Pathophysiology

• Babies in womb need higher Hb (RBCs) to get
  oxygen from mothers blood
• After birth, fetal hemoglobin (Hb) broken down
• Bilirubin is the final product of degradation of
  heme of these extra red blood cells (RBCs)
• Excess bilirubin is removed from the bloodstream
  by the liver and excreted in the stool
• The newborns immature liver may not excrete the
  bilirubin fast enough in the first days after
  birth
• Hyperbilirubinemia (Physiological Jaundice)
  (especially common in premature and low birth
  weight infants and Babies who dont feed and
  stool often enough during the early days )

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Treatment

• Feed the baby early and often.
• colostrum acts as a laxative, and frequent
  stooling lowers bilirubin levels.
• Keep track of urine and stool output
• Avoid water supplements. Only 2of the bilirubin
  is excreted in the urine, and 98 in the stools.
  Colostrum and milk contain fat, which stimulates
  bowel movements, and water can just fill the baby
  up so that he is less interested in nursing.
• Encourage the baby to stay awake and to feed at
  least every two hours. Jaundice makes the baby
  sleepy.
• Supplement with the expressed milk. If the baby
  is sleepy at the breast, and is having fewer than
  three large bowel movements in 24 hours, consider
  expressing the milk after feedings and give it to
  him (preferably not with a bottle at this stage
  he may become confused by rubber nipples if he is
  only a few days old). Use a dropper, syringe,
  cup, or tube-feeding device if possible.
• Expose the baby to indirect sunlight. Undress him
  down to his diaper and put him in a room that
  gets a lot of light. His skin is very sensitive,
  so never put him in direct sunlight.
• Avoid medications such as aspirin and sulfa
  drugs.

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Colic

• Colic is defined as a crying lasts for more than
  3 hours a day, 3 days per week for more than 3
  weeks.
• Colicky babies usually get fussy toward the end
  of the day, but colic can happen at any time.
• Colic affects as many as 25 percent of babies.
  Colic usually starts a few weeks after birth and
  often improves by age 3 months. By ages 4 to 5
  months, the majority of babies with colic have
  improved.

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Possible Mechanisms of Development

• Infants swallow air Mothers diet
  Infants have
• During feeding containing
  gas immature
• and crying producing
  foods digestive
• 
  cabbage, broccoli, system and
• 
  cauliflower, volatile lack of
  probiotics
• chemicals,
  allergens, etc.
• Increase gas and Trace elements
  Indigestion
• Bloating passed to
  the baby
• through
  the breast milk
• Gas
  Bloating
• 
  COLIC

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Colic

• Symptoms
• Predictable crying episodes. A baby who has colic
  often cries about the same time every day,
  usually in the late afternoon or evening. The
  crying usually begins suddenly and for no clear
  reason. The baby may have a bowel movement or
  pass gas near the end of the colic episode.
• Intense or inconsolable crying. Colic crying is
  intense and often high pitched. The baby's face
  may flush, and he or she is extremely difficult
  to comfort.
• Posture changes. Curled up legs, clenched fists
  and tensed abdominal muscles are common during
  colic episodes.

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Colic

• Causes
• The cause of colic is unknown. Researchers have
  explored a number of possibilities, including
  allergies, lactose intolerance, an immature
  digestive system, maternal anxiety, and
  differences in the way a baby is fed or
  comforted. Yet it's still unclear why some babies
  have colic and others don't.
• Risk factors
• Infants of mothers who smoke during pregnancy or
  after delivery have a greater risk of developing
  colic.
• Colic doesn't occur more often among firstborns
  or formula-fed babies.
• Complications
• Colic doesn't cause any lasting medical
  consequences. Babies who have colic grow and
  develop normally.

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Colic Treatment

• Drugs
• Colic improves on its own, often by age 3 months.
  
• Some physicians prescribe medications, like
• Simethicone is probably the only harmless
  medication, but it has not been shown to provide
  significant benefit compared with placebo.
• Dicyclomine hydrochloride (Bentyl) was previously
  widely used but was later found to be associated
  with apnea, coma, and death.
• Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin) may cause
  anticholinergic toxicity.
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) causes sedation but
  may cause paradoxical agitation and should not be
  used in children younger than 1 year old.
• Other drugs that are no longer recommended for
  colic include phenobarbital and paregoric, mainly
  because of the dangerous side effect of
  oversedation.
• Some research suggests that treatment with
  probiotics (substances that help maintain the
  natural balance of "good" bacteria in the
  digestive tract) can soothe colic. More research
  is needed to determine the effects of probiotics
  on colic.

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Contact Us

• Address Kamal Multispeciality Hospital Doaba
  Chowk Jalandhar, Punjab
• 91 987696010091 977020002791 9770200017
• 24x7 Emergency 91 9417042042
• 24x7 Pharmacy 91 9501103140
• Email kamalmultispeciality_at_yahoo.com
• Website https//www.kamalmultispeciality.com/depa
  rtments/nicu-child-specialist-jalandhar/