Upper vs Lower Motor Neurom Diseases

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What Is Motor Neuron Disease?

• Motor neuron disease or MND refers to a group of
  neurodegenerative disorders that selectively
  affects the cells which control all the voluntary
  muscles of the body. These cells are called motor
  neurons.

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Upper And Lower Motor Neurons

• The human body has two types of neurons -
• Upper motors neurons
• These neurons are present in the brain. They
  originate in the cerebral cortex and descend
  through the spinal cord. They transmit messages
  from the brain to the spinal cord.
• Lower motor neurons
• These neurons are present in the central and
  peripheral nervous system. They transmit messages
  from the spinal cord to the muscles.
• Note Motor neurons are responsible for all
  voluntary movements of the body

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Symptoms Of Upper Motor Neuron Disease

• ? Hyperactive reflexes
• ? Increased muscle tone
• ? Weakness (without serious atrophy)
• ? Rigidity
• ? Spasticity
• ? Tremor
• ? Minimal paralysis of voluntary muscles
• ? Dystonia (repeated and/or involuntary twisting
  movements)
• ? Involuntary contractions of the extremeties
• ? Irregular movements in the distal extremities

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Symptoms Of Lower Motor Neuron Disease

• ? Atrophy
• ? Flaccidity
• ? Muscle twitching
• ? Ipsilateral weakness of individual muscles
• ? Loss of muscle tone
• ? Weak or absent deep tendon plantar and
  abdominal reflexes

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We Bet You Didn't Know!

• Bells Palsy is the most common type of lower
  MND.
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Primary
  Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) and Multiple Sclerosis
  (MS) are a combination of upper and lower MND.

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Tests To Diagnose MND

• Depending on the symptoms experienced by the
  patient, a neurologist may ask for -
• ? Electromyography (EMG) to measure electrical
  activity of muscle in response to stimuli
• ? MRI of brain and spine
• ? Lumbar puncture to assess the spinal fluid
• ? Blood tests

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MND Rehabilitation At Plexus

• Under the expert care of Dr Naeem Sadiq, Indias
  best MND specialist, Plexus offers a customized
  rehabilitation plan for MND that includes
• ? Stem Cell Therapy
• ? Physiotherapy
• ? Occupational Therapy
• ? Speech Therapy

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Additionally, We Also Offer -

• ? Endurance training and fatigue management
• ? Strengthening of shoulder muscles, upper and
  lower limbs, oral structures
• ? Functional stretching to relieve rigidity and
  stiffness
• ? Dysphagia management
• ? Activities of Daily Living training (ADL)
• ? Energy conservation and work simplification
  training
• ? Functional splinting
• ? Hand function training
• ? Counseling and caregiver education