Developmental Motor Assessments for Physical and Occupational Therapists

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The Kioko Center
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About us
The Kioko Center has been providing expert
occupational and speech therapy services to
children and young adults, ages birth to 21
years, since 2006. During that time, we have
developed the highest quality standards for our
therapies and services. Our staff are highly
trained and prepared to integrate the latest
therapy techniques into your childs sessions. We
provide comprehensive, individualized therapies
which facilitate overall development and
independence. We look to our name, Kioko, meaning
Happy Child in Japanese as a guiding principle
for our work.
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Massachusetts Pediatric Occupational Therapy and
Speech Therapy for Children and Young Adults
At the Kioko Center we are passionate about
providing the very best OT therapy and SLP
therapy services for children and young adults.
We serve the schools, therapists, and families
that support them. We are a pediatric therapy
organization that specializes in occupational
therapy and speech therapy. Our
multidisciplinary, holistic approach gives each
child the best chance to realize their full
potential.
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Developmental Motor Assessments for Physical and
Occupational Therapists
An evaluation is the start of a therapeutic
relationship. It is an opportunity to gather
data, observe, and use critical thinking skills.
Standardized assessments provide data for
qualifying children for services. They can also
establish a baseline for creating goals and
designing a remediation plan. Selecting an
appropriate motor assessment for your client will
ensure that the child can engage and that you
collect the information you need. Considerations
when choosing an evaluation should include the
childs age, referral reason, test length, types
of activities included as testing tasks, and what
the test is measuring. A description of four
motor assessments commonly used by both OTs and
PTs are described below.
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Bruininks-Oseretsy Test of Motor Proficiency (2nd
Edition)
Also known as the BOT-2, this tool is widely used
by Occupational Therapist and physical
therapists. Fine motor categories include fine
motor precision, fine motor integration, manual
dexterity, and upper-limb coordination. Bilateral
coordination, balance, running speed/agility, and
strength subtests make up the gross motor portion
of the test. Tasks vary from dribbling a tennis
ball to coloring in shapes, performing jumping
jacks, and cutting out a circle. An abbreviated
short form provides a brief overview of motor
functioning. BOT-II is appropriate for children
ages 4-21 years.
Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (2nd Edition)
The PDMS-2 is standardized for children from
birth to age six. This evaluation is a basal and
ceiling evaluation, so you only need to test
skills that are appropriate for the childs age
level. When the child is unable to complete three
consecutive tasks successfully, that category is
discontinued. For the youngest population, tasks
will include aligning their head, pulling to sit,
propping on forearms, and tracking a rattle.
Older children will stack blocks, lace beads,
kick a ball, balance on one foot, and more.
Subtests include reflexes, sustained control,
locomotion, object manipulation, grasping, and
visual-motor integration.
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Miller Function and Participation Scales (M-FUN)
This assessment is standardized for children ages
two to eight. The test has visual motor, fine
motor, and gross motor domains. Fine and visual
motor activities are child-friendly games such as
Find the Puppies and Go Fishing. Gross motor
activities are embedded into a Statue Game,
soccer practice, and more. The M-Fun Assessment
kit includes a home and classroom observation
checklist that examines social skills, sensory
needs, and ability to regulate. While this
assessment takes longer than the others to
administer, it provides comprehensive data which
can aid in writing goals and intervention
planning.
Toddler and Infant Motor Evaluation
Created for children ages birth to age three
years and six months, the Toddler and Infant
Motor Evaluation (TIME) assesses movement
quality. Five subtests that assess mobility,
stability, motor organization, social/emotional
abilities, and functional performance. Optional
subtests are available for advanced practitioners
and include component analysis, quality rating,
and atypical movements. Activities include
sequencing movement into different positions and
free-play with a caregiver. Open-ended parent
questions along with a Likert questionnaire
provide both contextual information and data on
current performance.
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